枪支入刑标准的合宪性审查

The Constitutional Review of the Standard of Gun Crime

《刑法》分则规定的涉枪犯罪大多是戴着"空白刑法"的面具,通过"枪支管理规定"的形式来规定枪支的入刑标准。"枪支管理规定"包括位阶不同、标准不一的《枪支管理法》和公安部规定,而该入刑标准的高低关系到限制公民权利的程度大小,所以其是否合法与正当是需要接受合宪性审查的。从形式上看,该入刑标准违反法律保留原则;从实质上看,该入刑标准违反比例原则,所以枪支入刑标准是不符合宪法规定的。为了维护宪法权威,保障法治统一,需要通过修改法律或合宪性解释两条路径进行合宪性矫正:一是将《刑法》第128条所属完全空白刑法修改为部分空白刑法;二是通过对涉枪犯罪的刑法条文作出符合宪法原则和精神的合宪性解释,解决司法过罪化问题。

Most gun crimes stipulated in the criminal law are the masks with blank criminal law. Their standard of the punishment is stipulated by related gun control regulations. Gun control regulations include different standards of gun control at various levels and regulations made by the ministry of public security. However, the punishment standard relates to limitation of citizens＇ rights, therefore should be under constitutional review. From the form, the standard of punishment is contrary to the principle of legal reservation. In essence, it is a violation of the principle of proportionality, therefore unconstitutional. In order to maintain the constitutional authority and guarantee the rule of law, these two paths should be adjusted by modifying the law or interpreting the law constitutionall. The first is to amend article 128 of the criminal law. The second is to solve the problem of the over-criminalization in the judiciary through the constitutional interpretation of criminal law articles relating to gun crimes.