金昌市农户玉米施肥现状调查评估

Investigation and Assessment of Current Situation of Corn Fertilization of Farmers in Jinchang City

为了解金昌市农户玉米施肥情况,2015年7月通过问卷调查与田间实地观测相结合的方式,在金昌市金川区及永昌县进行了玉米生产及养分资源投入现状的调查与分析。结果表明:金昌市的玉米种植面积占总调查耕地面积的64.17%,玉米平均产量为(14 762.87±1 649.17)kg/hm^2。玉米生产中N与P_2O_5施用量的变化范围分别为265.5～1 101.0 kg/hm^2和60.0～668.3 kg/hm^2,平均施用量分别为(510.3±178.2)、(235.1±114.5)kg/hm^2。N、P_2O_5及总养分的偏生产力平均值分别为(33.50±19.18)、(77.55±43.77)、(19.93±7.95)kg/kg。说明金昌市农户在玉米生产肥料施用中存在的主要问题是养分投入配置不合理及肥料利用率偏低。

In order to understand the situation of corn fertilization in Jinchang City,the questionnaire and field observation methods were employed for survey on farmer households,which investigated and analyzed the current situation of crop yield and fertilization issues on corn production in Jinchang Area and Yongchang County of Jinchang City in July 2015. The results showed that the corn planting area of Jinchang City accounted for 64.17% of the total surveyed farmland area. The mean yield of corn was（14 762.87±1 649.17）kg/hm^2. The amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer applied on corn varied from 265.5 kg/hm^2 to 1 101.0 kg/hm^2 and 60.0 kg/hm^2 to 668.3 kg/hm^2,the average application amounts were（510.3±178.2）kg/hm^2 and（235.1±114.5）kg/hm^2,respectively. The average PFP of nitrogen,phosphate and total nutrient of corn production were（33.50 ±19.18） kg/kg,（77.55 ±43.77）kg/kg and（19.93±7.95）kg/kg,respectively. In conclusion,the main problems of fertilizer application in corn production in Jinchang City were unreasonable nutrient input and low fertilizer utilization rate.