手术室护士不安全感现状调查与职业倦怠关系分析

Investigation on the present situation of nurses' insecurity in operating room and its relationship with job burnout

目的对手术室护士职业不安全感及职业倦怠感进行调查,分析二者之间的关系,探讨提升手术室护士职业安全感、降低护士职业倦怠感对策,提升手术室护士身心健康。方法选择52名手术室护士设为观察组,选择81名非手术室护士设为对照组。参照胡三鳗制定的工作不安全感测评量表制定工作不安全感调查量表对其进行不安全感调查,包括工作丧失、工作执行、过度竞争、人际关系、薪酬晋升、职业危害6个维度。采用MBI-GS职业倦怠感量表对两组护士进行职业倦怠感调查,包括情绪衰竭、去人格化和低工作成就感3个维度。比较两组护士不安全感和职业倦怠评分。分别对两组护士的不安全感各维度和职业倦怠各维度行相关性分析。结果观察组护士工作丧失、工作执行、过度竞争、人际关系、薪酬晋升、职业危害评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组职业情绪衰竭、去人格化评分均明显高于对照组,低工作成就感评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组护士不安全感中工作丧失、工作执行、过度竞争、人际关系、薪酬晋升、职业危害各维度与职业倦怠中情绪衰竭、去人格化均呈负相关,与低工作成就感呈正相关。结论手术室护士工作强度大、工作质量要求高、职业危害大,职业倦怠感强,医院应加强手术室人员配置、工作时间及职业安全文化管理,提升护士职业安全感,降低职业倦怠感,提升护士身心健康水平。

Objective To improved the occupational security,reduced sense of job burnout,and promoted physical and mental health of nurses in operating room by investigating and analyzing the relationship of operating room nurses＇ occupational insecurity and sense of job burnout. Methods To analyzed the scores of insecurity and job burnout,and correlation between the dimensions of insecurity and job burnout,52 nurses were observed as the study group and another 81 nurses were observed as the control group. Both groups were tested the situation of insecurity in terms of job loss,job execution,over competition,interpersonal relationships,salary promotions,occupational hazards,a total of six dimensions,using the self-designed job insecurity assessment scale referred to the scale by Hu Sanman. And the sense of job burnout of nurses in the two groups were also tested using the BMI-GS job burnout assessment scale which including such dimensions as emotional exhaustion,personification and sense of low work achievement. Results The scores of work loss,work execution,over competition,interpersonal relationship,salary promotion,occupational hazard of the study group were apparently higher than those of the control group（ P〈0. 05）. The scores of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of the study group were greatly higher than the control group,while sense of low achievement was lower than the control group（ P〈0. 05）. There was a negative correlation between the job insecurity,which including such dimension as job loss,job execution,over competition,interpersonal relationships,salary promotions,occupational hazards,and sense of job burnout,which including such dimensions as emotional exhaustion and depersonalization,but positively correlated to the sense of low achievement in the scale of job burnout. Conclusion The nurses in the operating room had high work intensity,strict requirement of work quality,and profound work hazards,which easily led to a strong sense of job burnout. The hospital should strengthen the staffing of the operating room,efficiently adjust working hours and promote occupational safety management thereby improving the sense of security as well as the physical and mental health,reducing job burnout of the operating room nurses.