社区老年人群高血压的流行病学特征和危险因素分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hypertension in community elderly people

目的探讨社区老年人群高血压的流行病学特征和危险因素。方法 2014年1月至2016年12月采用整群抽样法对社区年龄60~85岁常住的老年人群进行集中调查及问卷调查,了解社区老年人群高血压流行病学特征,并应用单因素及logistic多因素分析影响社区老年人群高血压的危险因素。结果参与调查的2500例60~85岁常住老年人中高血压者为745例(29.80%),其中男1390例,高血压520例(37.41%);女1110例,高血压225例(20.27%),高血压发病率在性别方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与60~65岁、大于65~70岁相比,男性患者中大于70岁的人群高血压发病率明显上升。经单因素分析可知,男性、体重指数(BMI)大于25 kg/m^2、高钠饮食、高血脂、高血压家族史、运动次数少于1次/周、吸烟、饮酒等人群高血压发生率更高(P<0.05),而接受过高血压知识宣教者高血压发生率较低(P<0.05)。经logistic多因素分析显示,男性、年龄大于70岁、BMI大于25 kg/m^2、高钠饮食、高血脂、高血压家族史、运动次数少于1次/周等因素是引发高血压的独立危险因素(P<0.05),而高血压疾病知识宣教是高血压发生的保护因子(P<0.05)。结论社区常住老年人群中高血压发生率较高,应对其加强高血压疾病知识宣教,提高其高血压防治知识。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hypertension in community elderly people. Methods To understood the epidemiological characteristics of hypertension,and analyzed the risk factors of hypertension affecting community elderly people using single factor and logistic multivariate analysis,community elderly people aged 60-85 years old were investigated by cluster sampling method with centralized research and questionnaire from January 2014 to December 2016. Results Of the 2,500 cases of elderly people aged 60-85 who participated in the survey,745,which accounting a 29. 80% of the amount,had hypertension. Particularly 1,390 male cases had a 37. 41% of hypertension,a total of 520 people.The remaining 1,110 female cases had a 20. 27% of hypertension,a total of 225 people. The incidence of hypertension is statistically significant in terms of gender differences（ P〈0. 05）. Compared with 60-65 years old and the above 65-70 years old,the incidence of hypertension in men over 70 years old increased significantly. Univariate analysis showed that such characteristics as male gender,body mass index（ BMI） greater than 25 kg/m^2,high sodium diet,high blood lipids,family history of hypertension,exercise times less than 1 time a week,habit of smoking and alcohol drinking,etc.,were more likely to breed higher incidence of hypertension（ P〈0. 05）,while those who had received knowledge of hypertension had a lower incidence（ P〈0. 05）. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that such characteristics of male gender,aged older than 70 years old,BMI greater than 25 kg/m^2,high sodium diet,high blood lipids,family history of hypertension,exercise times less than 1 time a week,etc.,were independent risks of hypertension（ P〈0. 05）,while the hypertension knowledge education was a protective factor for the incidence of hypertension（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The incidence of hypertension prevailed among community elderly people which required stronger dissemination of hypertension knowledge to improve prevention of hypertension.