美国土壤污染修复立法中的公民诉讼条款及其启示

The Citizen Suit Article in the Superfund Law of the United States and Its Enlightenment

《超级基金法》是美国关于土壤污染修复的专门性立法,该法规定,在土壤污染的修复过程中,除非特殊情况,是禁止公民诉讼的,其目的是为了及时修复环境损害,保护公众健康和安全,但是绝对禁止诉讼,也可能造成土壤污染修复的延误,导致修复资金增加,从而加重了责任人的负担。因此,是否应允许在土壤污染修复过程中的公民诉讼,需要利益平衡。立法应明确载明修复过程中允许公民诉讼的情形以及原告提起诉讼时应承担的义务。

The Superfund Law is the special legislation on soil pollution remediation in the United States.According to the this law 113（h）,during the process of remediation of soil pollution,the citizen suit is prohibited except for several situations. It is necessary to prohibit citizen suit to promptly remediate the environmental harm and protect public health. But prohibiting citizen suit absolutely will delay remediating the soil pollution and increase the remediation cost,then increasing the burden of responsibility party. So interest balance is needed to decide whether to permit citizen suit in the process of soil pollution remediation.