汉语多位数词特点

The Characteristics of Chinese Long Numerals

通过研究汉语数词和其他语言数词的共性与差异,分析汉语数词的特点:(1)汉语数词采用四位分级(60/8709/0680),"万""亿"是汉语的库藏,"million""billion""trillion"是英语的库藏,两者并不对应。(2)汉语数词某些位置的"0"必须读出。(3)汉语数词存在位数省略现象。这三个特点是相关的,体现出语言的系统性:由于汉语某些位置"0"必须读出,所以允许省略位数;由于省略位数,所以某些位置"0"必须读出;哪些位置读"0",是由汉语数词四位分级的特点决定的。关于是否读"0",有两个规则在起作用。规则一,汉语数词四位一级,每级末尾不管有几个0都不读,其他位置有一个0或连续几个0都只读一个0;规则二,不管分级,一个数词中间只要有0就要读出来。汉语不同人群对含"0"的多位数的读法存在差异,反映不同人群对优选规则的选择存在差异。汉语相关规范、母语教学、对外汉语教学、辞书编写等方面应该反映汉语数词特点。

This paper analyzes the characteristics of Chinese numerals by studying the commonness and differences between Chinese numerals and other language numerals：（1）Chinese numerals use four-level grading（60/8709/0680）,＂Wan＂and ＂Yi＂are Chinese treasury,＂million＂＂billion＂and＂trillion＂are a collection of English,and the two do not correspond.（2）The＂0＂of some positions of Chinese numerals must be read.（3）The number of digits in Chinese numerals is omitted.These three characteristics are related and reflect the systemic of the language：since some positions in Chinese must be read out,the number of digits is allowed to be omitted.Since the number of bits is omitted,some positions must be read out.The position reading＂0＂is determined by the characteristics of the four-digit grading of Chinese numerals.There are two rules in question about whether to read＂0＂.Rule one,the Chinese numerals are four-level,don＇t read out＂0＂if it is in the each end of the level.Other positions should read out one＂0＂no matter how many＂0＂are.Rule two,regardless of the level,read out＂0＂even though there is only one＂0＂in the middle of a number.There are differences in the readings of multiple digits containing ＂0＂among different Chinese populations,reflecting the differences in the selection of preferred rules among different populations.RelatedChinese norms,mother-tongue teaching,teaching Chinese as a foreign language,and writing of dictionaries should reflect the characteristics of Chinese numerals.