炎症性肠病的营养相关疾病

Nutritional-related diseases of inflammatory bowel disease

炎症性肠病(IBD)中的溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病都属于病因不清,病情反复发作的以肠道受累为主的炎症性疾病。这样的疾病特点使得大多数患者历经数十年的病痛困扰,在漫长的病史中不论疾病的活动程度如何,甚至在疾病的缓解期营养不良的情况都是十分常见的。营养不良的情况包括蛋白质能量营养不足、超重、维生素、矿物质和微量元素的缺乏等。与IBD患者的营养不良相关的因素众多,如肠道吸收功能不良、肠道溃疡和炎症引发的营养素丢失、小肠细菌过度生长、糖皮质激素类药物的使用和饮食限制。营养支持治疗对于IBD患者至关重要,尤其是对维持儿童期IBD患者正常的生长发育、诱导活动期CD患者的临床缓解、减少IBD患者围手术期并发症等都是至关重要的。

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, which fall into the category of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）, are both chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by unclear etiology and repeated recurrence. These characteristics have caused most of the patients suffering ftom decades of trouble, and malnutrition frequentlyoccurs during theprogress of the disease, even atthe remission period. Malnutrition includes protein energy deficiency, overweight, vitamin, mineral and trace elements deficiency. There are numerous factors associated with malnutrition in patients with IBD, such as poor intestinal absorption, loss of nutrients caused by intestinal ulcers and inflamination, excessive growth of small intestinal bacteria, use of glucocorticoids, and dietary restrictions. Nutritional support is essential for IBD patients, especially for the maintenance of normal growth and development of IBD patients in their childhood, for the treatment of CD patients at active stage, and for the reduction of perioperative complications in patients with IBD.