极端授粉树花量下红富士蜜蜂授粉需蜂量研究

Study on Bee Quantity of Red Fuji Bee Pollination under Extreme Pollination Trees

为了解在红富士的授粉树严重不足的情况下,增加授粉蜜蜂数量是否可以达到生产需求,研究了授粉树配比为1∶20的情况下红富士蜜蜂授粉的需蜂量,采用每株苹果树6,12,18只蜜蜂3个处理,统计分析了坐果率、偏斜果率、果形指数、心室数、种子数与种子饱满度。结果表明,18只/株蜜蜂处理的苹果花朵坐果率极显著高于6只/株蜜蜂处理和12只/株蜜蜂处理(P<0.01);苹果的偏斜果率、果形指数、心室数、种子数都是18只/株蜜蜂处理的最高,其中,对每果心室数和每果种子数而言,18只/株蜜蜂处理与其他2组处理间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。说明在极端授粉树花量配置下,通过增加传粉者蜜蜂的数量,可以提高苹果的品质,减少偏斜果率,每株苹果树至少需要12只以上蜜蜂。

To understand whether increasing the number of pollinated bees can meet the production demand in the case of severe shortage of pollinated trees of Fuji, the amount of pollinated bees needed for pollination was studied when the proportion of pollinated trees was 1∶20. The number of 6, 12, 18 bees per apple tree was treated with three treatments. The fruit setting rate, wry fruit rate, fruit shape, carpel number, seed number and seed plumpness of three treatments were counted and analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference between 18 bees per apple tree and other two treatments（P〈0.01）. The apple＇s skewed fruit rate, fruit shape index, ventricles and seeds were all the highest among 18 bees. In terms of the number of ventricles per fruit and the number of seeds per fruit, there was an extremely significant difference（P〈0.01）between the treatment of 18 bees per plant and that of the other two groups.In the case of a serious shortage of pollination trees, the quality of apples can be improved and the rate of skewed fruit can be reduced by increasing the number of pollinator bees, at least 12 bees are needed per apple tree.