喂食及进食障碍的核心特征与治疗

Core symptoms and treatments of feeding and eating disorders

喂食及进食障碍的代表疾病主要包括神经性厌食、神经性贪食、暴食障碍等,该组障碍的共同特征是进食或与进食相关行为的持续性紊乱。神经性厌食的核心特征是持续限制能量摄取,强烈害怕体重增加,对自我体重的感知紊乱。神经性贪食的核心特征是反复发作的暴食,因为对体重的不恰当认知而出现的反复性不健康的代偿行为。暴食障碍的核心特征是短期内大量进食,难以控制。喂食及进食障碍的治疗目标是帮助患者恢复正常的体重,通过认知行为疗法(CBT)、家庭治疗或团体治疗帮助个体调整对体型、体重和美的认知,也可给予抗抑郁药物、小剂量抗精神分裂药物或心境稳定剂进行对症治疗。

Disorders that represented the feeding and eating disorders category including anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa,binge-eating disorder,etc. The common feature of this group of disorders is the persistent disorder of eating or eating-related behavior. The core features of anorexia nervosa are continuous restriction of energy intake,intense fear of weight gain,and perceptual disorder of self-body weight. The core features of bulimia nervosa are recurrent episodes of overeating and repeated unhealthy compensatory behavior due to inappropriate perception of body weight. The core feature of binge-eating disorder is eating too much in a short period of time and has difficulty in controlling eating behavior. The therapeutic goal for feeding and eating disorders is to help patients restore their normal weight. Through cognitive behavior therapy（ CBT）,family therapy and group therapy,we can help individuals adjust their perception of body shape, body weight and beauty. In addition, antidepressants and small doses of antipsychotics or mood stabilizers are effective for symptomatic treatment.