种植密度对小豆开花结荚规律的影响

Effect of Plant Density on Flowering and Pod Setting of Adzuki Bean

以中熟小豆品种冀红15号和晚熟小豆品种冀红16号为试验材料,种植密度均设高(21万株/hm^2)、中(15万株/hm^2)和低(9万株/hm^2)3个水平,观察了小豆的开花、结荚全过程,并分析了不同密度下参试小豆品种的开花结荚规律,以期为小豆的高产育种和栽培提供依据。结果表明:小豆开花过程可分为初花期、盛花期和终花期3个阶段,开花数量呈现少—多—少的变化规律;随种植密度的增大,2个小豆品种均表现出盛花期延长、开花总量减少的趋势。小豆的开花顺序均表现为中下部花先开,之后向上、向下、向外围逐步扩展。小豆的结荚规律为主茎结荚多、分枝结荚少,单株荚数随种植密度的增大而减少;2个小豆品种的成荚率在28.00%~36.24%之间,低密度处理的成荚率均>其他2个密度处理。小豆株高随种植密度的增大而增加,百粒重随种植密度的增大而降低;冀红15号和冀红16号高产的适宜种植密度分别为15万~21万株/hm^2和9万~15万株/hm^2。

In order to provide a theoretical basis for high yield breeding and cultivation of adzuki bean, the whole progress of flowering and pod setting of two adzuki bean varieties of Jihong No.15（medium maturity） and Jihong No.16（late maturity） under three plant densities（210 000,150 000 and 90 000 plants/hm2） were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the flowering process was divided into three significant stages of early florescence stage, full-bloom stage and late florescence stage. The flowering amount showed the rule of less-more-less. With the increase of plant density,the full-bloom stages of both varieties prolonged and the total flowering amounts decreased. Under different plant densities, both varieties indicated that the earliest flowering section was at the middle and lower parts of the plants,and then extended to upper and out-lower sections. The pods were mostly set on the main stem while less on the branches. The number of pod per plant reduced with the increasing of plant density. The pod setting rate was from 28.0% to 36.24%. The pod setting rate under low plant density was higher than that under other plant densities. The plant height increased while the 100-seed weight decreased with the increase of plant density. The suitable densities for Jihong No.15 and Jihong No.16 were 150 000-210 000 plants/hm2 and 90 000-150 000 plants/hm2,respectively.