黄淮北部麦区主推小麦品种茎秆抗倒性能分析

Analysis of Stalk Lodging Resistance of Mainly Promoted Wheat Varieties in North Huanghuai Region

以黄淮北部麦区10个主推小麦品种为试材,在灌浆期发生倒伏的情况下,分析了2组不同抗倒性品种的倒伏情况和茎秆特性。结果表明:抗倒组品种济麦22、石4185、邯麦13和邯麦15在全生育期均未发生倒伏,不抗倒组品种石麦15、冀麦585、中麦155和山农14在蜡熟期均发生了5级倒伏。抗倒组品种平均株高为76.8 cm,平均株高构成指数为0.50,茎基部第1节和第2节节间总长度为9.36 cm,茎基部第1节、第2节的节间充实度分别为30.17和14.50 mg/cm,开花至乳熟期和开花至蜡熟期的茎部干物质输出率分别为16.44%和35.34%。与不抗倒组品种相比,抗倒组品种株高低、株高构成指数大、茎基部节间短且充实度高、生育后期茎基部干物质输出率低,这些茎秆特性均有利于提高小麦的抗倒性。

Taking 10 mainly promoted wheat varieties in North Huanghuai region as materials,the lodging and stalk characteristics of these varieties at filling period were analyzed. The results showed that Jimai 22, Shi4185,Hanmai 13 and Hanmai 15 with stalk lodging resistance did not flatten during the whole growth period,while Shimai 15,Jimai 585,Zhongmai 155 and Shannong 14 without lodging resistance got flattened of level 5 at wax-ripening stage. The average plant height of the varieties with lodging resistance was 76.8 cm,the average plant height component index was 0.50, the total length of the first and second basal internodes were 9.36 cm,the fullness of the first and second basal internodes were 30.17 mg/cm and 14.50 mg/cm,respectively, and the dry matter output rate of stalk from flowering period to milk ripening period and from flowering period to wax ripening period was 16.44% and 35.34%,respectively. Compared with the varieties without lodging resistance, the varieties with lodging resistance were characterized with lower height, large plant height component index,short basal internodes,high the internode fullness,and low dry matter output rate of stalk at late growth stage. The stalk characteristics were propitious to improve the lodging resistance of wheat.