高效防治设施黄瓜主要病害的药剂筛选

Fungicides Selection of High Effectively Controlling the Main Diseases of Cucumber in Greenhouse

2015~2016年通过田间试验明确几种对黄瓜霜霉病、白粉病和灰霉病具有较好防效的药剂及使用技术,可为设施黄瓜主要病害的防治提供依据。结果表明:在霜霉病发生初期,叶面喷施72%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联WG 540 g a.i./hm^2、48%烯酰吗啉·吡唑醚菌酯WG 252~288 g a.i./hm^2、50%烯酰吗啉·嘧菌酯WP 225~300 g a.i./hm^2、50%吡唑醚菌酯WG 169~225 g a.i./hm^2或60%霜脲氰·嘧菌酯WG 270~360 g a.i./hm^2,防效均可达到85%以上;在白粉病发生初期,叶面喷施40%氟菌唑WP 90~120 g a.i./hm^2、20%氟硅唑·嘧菌酯SC135~165 g a.i./hm^2或430 g/L戊唑醇SC 116.1~139.3 g a.i./hm^2,防效均可达到85%以上;在灰霉病发生初期,可叶面喷施25亿芽孢/g坚强芽孢杆菌WP 3.3~4.7 g/hm^2、3亿CFU/g木霉菌WG 5.6~11.1 g/hm^2或60%丙硫菌唑·异菌脲WP 4.7 g/hm^2,其中,2种生防菌剂的防效均可达到65%以上,60%丙硫菌唑·异菌脲WP 4.7 g/hm^2的防效可达到82.0%。以上药剂用药间隔期均为7~10 d,连续喷施3次。在生产中,可以使用以上筛选到的高效药剂防治黄瓜霜霉病、白粉病和灰霉病。

The fungicides and the application technology were tested in field for high effectively controlling cucumber downy mildew,powdery mildew and gray mold from 2015 to 2016 to provide the basis for controlling main diseases of cucumber in greenhouse. The results showed that the control effects of foliar spraying 72% pyraclostrobin·metiram WG 540 g a.i./hm2,48% dimethomorph·pyraclostrobin WG 252-288 g a.i./hm2,50% dimethomorph·azoxystrobin WP 225-300 g a.i./hm2, 50% pyraclostrobin WG 169-225 g a.i./hm2,60% cymoxanil·azoxystrobin WG 270-360 g a.i./hm2 were all over 85% at the early occurrence of downy mildew. The control effect of foliar spraying 40% triflumizole WP 90-120 g a.i./hm2,20% flusilazole·azoxystrobin SC 135-165 g a.i./hm2 and 430 g/L tebuconazole SC 116.1-139.3 g a.i./hm2 were all over 85% at the early occurrence of powdery mildew. The control effects of foliar spraying 2.5×109 Bacillus firmus spores/g WP 3.3-4.7 g/hm2,3×108 CFU/g trichoderma WG 5.6-11.1 g/hm2 and 60% propanolazole isothiourea WP 4.7 g/hm2 at the early occurrence of gray mold were more than 65%,and the control effect of 60% propanolazole isothiourea WP 4.7 g/h m2 was82.0% at the early occurrence of gray mold. All the fungicides were continuously sprayed 3 times every7-10 days. In production, the above screened high efficiency fungicides could be used for prevention and control cucumber downy mildew, powdery mildew and grey mould.