曾国藩家训的德育思想及其对当代家庭教育的启示

The Moral Education Thoughts of Zeng Guofan's Family Instructions and Its Enlightenments to Current Family Education

曾国藩认为家兴则国旺,家败则国衰。因此他十分重视家庭教育,将调和家庭关系、整饬家庭生活等作为家庭教育的主要内容,并通过家书形式将其家训思想予以呈现。曾国藩家训因受到中国传统文化和先辈传世家训的影响,达到了中国传统仕宦家训的巅峰,蕴含着十分深刻的哲理,被后世文人贤士奉为教子圭臬。曾国藩以训诫族中子弟为己任,要求子弟要遵行以"孝悌"为本的传家之道、以"勤俭"为基的兴家之本和以"谦敬"为要的待人之道,以达到家族长存、国家兴盛的目的。将曾国藩家训中的德育思想合理运用于当代家庭教育中,不仅能够培养孩子正确的伦理观和道德观,而且能促使孩子构建起合理的劳动观和消费观。

Zeng Guofan thought that the prosperity of the family could bring about the prosperity of the country and the failure of the family could lead to the decline of the nation. Therefore,he attached great importance to family education,which contains coping with family relationship as well as regulating the family life,and presented his family motto through the form of family letters. Zeng Guofan's family instruction,influenced by traditional Chinese culture and ancestors' family instruction,had reached the peak of Chinese traditional official family instruction,which contained profound philosophies and was regarded as the standard of teaching by the wise men of the later generations. Zeng Guofan took the admonition of the juniors of the family as his duty,asking his children to comply with"filial piety and fraternal duty","hardworking and thrifty" and treating people with"modest and respect" so as to achieve the purpose of the long existence of the family and the prosperity of the country. The rational use of Zeng Guofan's moral education in contemporary family education can not only cultivate children's correct ethics and moral outlook,but also promote them to build a reasonable view of labor and consumption.