新疆原油全烃组分和温度对饱和蒸气压和蒸发量的影响研究

Effects of Total Hydrocarbon Composition and Temperature of Xinjiang Crude Oil on Saturated Vapor Pressure and Evaporation Capacity

烃类组分和温度是影响原油储罐呼吸损耗的2个关键参数。应用气质联用仪对新疆油田4种原油油样进行了全烃色谱分析,根据4种原油油样的克拉珀龙-克劳修斯公式,考察了烃类组分和温度对原油饱和蒸气压的影响规律。在此基础上,结合不同温度下原油蒸发量结果,探讨了损失率的降低与所对应的温度之间的关系。研究表明:原油油样中3个样品含有较多的饱和烃,其中1#样品和2#样品的组分和含量较为接近,轻烃含量较大,3#样品含有相当量的芳香烃。饱和蒸气压与原油中轻烃的含量和温度成正比关系,蒸发量也随饱和蒸气压的增大而增大。对于4种原油而言,当温度从80℃降低到40~50℃时,已经减少了大部分的损耗率(约为50%~60%)。而若要将原油的蒸发损耗降低70%,需要将温度进一步降低到30~40℃以下。

Hydrocarbon composition and temperature are 2 key parameters that affect the breathing loss of crude oil tanks. The total hydrocarbon chromatographic analysis of 4 kinds of crude oil samples in Xinjiang oilfield was carried out by GC-MS. According to the Clapeyron-Clausius formulas of 4 crude oil samples, the influences of hydrocarbon composition and temperature on the saturated vapor pressure of crude oil were investigated. On this basis, the relationship between the reduction of breathing loss rate and the temperature is discussed according to the tested evaporation capacity of crude oil at different temperatures. The research result shows that 3 of the crude oil samples contain more saturated hydrocarbons. The composition and content of 1# and 2# samples are relatively close, the content of light hydrocarbons is higher, and the 3# sample contains a considerable amount of aromatic hydrocarbons. The saturated vapor pressure is directly proportional to the light hydrocarbons content and temperature of crude oil, and the evaporation capacity increases with the increase of saturated vapor pressure. For the 4 kinds of crude oil, when the temperature is reduced from 80℃ to 40~50 ℃, the breathing loss rate is reduced by about 50%~60%. If we want to reduce the evaporation loss of crude oil by 70%, we need to further reduce the temperature to below 30~40 ℃.