食品安全化学计量技术与标准物质发展

Development of food safety chemical metrology technology and standard material

食品安全化学计量是保障食品安全领域的所有化学测量单位统一和量值准确可靠的活动。统一的、资源充分的食品安全计量溯源体系是食品安全测量结果可靠与可比的基础。至2018年6月,国际计量组织主导食品计量关键比对82项,中国计量科学研究院代表中国参加了9项食品有机分析和69项食品中无机元素分析国际比对,均取得等效。截至2018年6月,我国食品相关一级标准物质145种,二级标准物质452种,其中食品基体标准物质占四分之一。在国际计量局的关键比对数据库(Key Comparison Database,KCDB)中,食品领域核心测量能力(core measurement capabilities,CMCs)共计622项,我国共获得食品领域核心测量能力139项位居各国总数第一。本文综述了1998年以来,国内外食品安全化学计量技术发展历程,测量技术及核心测量能力,主要包括有机分析和无机分析2个领域。目前我国食品安全标准物质和核心测量能力仍处于起步阶段,还不能完全覆盖食品安全检测领域,加快食品安全计量发展仍是广大食品安全计量工作者的目标和任务。

Food safety chemical metrology is an activity that ensures the uniformity and accuracy of all chemical measurement units in the field of food safety. A unified and well-resourced food safety metering system is a basis of reliable and comparable food safety measurements. By June 2018, the international metrological institutions had organized 82 key comparisons in food measurement, China Institute of Metrology representing China participated in 9 food organic analyses and 69 international comparisons of inorganic elements in foods, all of which were equivalent. As of June 2018, there were 145 food-related primary reference materials and 452 secondary standard materials, of which food matrix reference materials accounted for one quarter. In the Key Comparison Database（KCDB） of the Bureau International Poidset Meesures, there are 622 core measurement capabilities（CMCs） in the food field. China has obtained 139 core measurement capabilities in the food field, ranking first in the country. This paper reviewed the development history of food safety stoichiometry at home and abroad, measurement technology and core measurement capabilities since 1998, including organic analysis and inorganic analysis. At present, China＇s food safety reference materials and core measurement capabilities are still in their infancy, and they cannot fully cover the field of food safety testing. Accelerating the development of food safety measurement is still the goal and task of the majority of food safety measurement workers.