2014～2016年保山市农村饮用水卫生状况监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of drinking water hygiene status in rural areas of Baoshan city from 2014 to 2016

目的调查保山市农村地区饮用水水质现状,为改善保山市农村饮水水质卫生状况、预防介水传染病提供科学依据。方法采集农村集中式供水水样1404份,水样按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T5750-2006)进行感官性状和一般化学指标、毒理学指标、微生物指标等31个指标的检验,按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行评价。采用χ~2检验进行率的比较分析。结果 2014~2016年共检测农村地区饮用水1404份,合格521份,合格率为37.11%,其中微生物指标合格率最低(46.72%);水样合格率随年份增加而升高(χ~2=120.174,P<0.001)。感官性状和一般化学指标合格率枯水期(74.36%)高于丰水期(66.81%),有统计学差异(χ~2=9.636,P=0.002);微生物指标合格率丰水期(52.14%)高于枯水期(41.31%),有统计学差异(χ~2=16.527,P<0.001);水样合格率常规处理(包含混凝、沉淀、过滤、消毒)>仅消毒>未处理>沉淀/过滤(χ~2=264.479,P<0.001);水样合格率随供水能力的增加而增加(χ~2=8.420,P=0.004)。结论保山市农村地区饮用水水质合格率低,微生物指标是影响保山市农村地区饮用水安全的主要因素,水期类型、供水方式、水样类型、供水能力是水质卫生状况的影响因素。为保证该市农村地区饮用水的卫生、安全,有关部门亟待采取有效的措施,提高农村地区水质,保护人民群众的健康。

Objective To investigate the current situation of drinking water quality in rural areas of Baoshan city, and provide scientific basis for improving the sanitation status of drinking water and preventing water-borne diseases in rural areas of Baoshan city. Methods A total of 1404 copies of rural centralized water supply samples were collected. According to the Standard examination methods for drinking water（GB/T 5750-2006） and the Drinking water health standards（GB 5749-2006）, the water samples were tested for sensory traits and 31 indicators including general chemical indicators, toxicological indicators and microbial indicators. The results were compared and analyzed by χ~2-test. Results The qualified rates of drinking water in rural areas of Baoshan city was 37.11%, the qualified rates of microbial indicators was the lowest（46.72%）, and the qualified rate was increased year by year（χ~2=120.174, P〈0.001）. The qualified rate in dry period（74.36%） was higher than that in wet period（66.81%） in sensory properties and general chemical indicators, there was a statistically siginificant difference（χ~2=9.636, P=0.002）, the qualified rate in wet period（52.14%） was higher than that in dry period（41.31%） in microbial indicators with statistically siginificant difference（χ~2=16.527, P〈0.001）, and the qualified rate of rural drinking water was increased with the increase of water supply capacity（χ~2=8.420, P=0.004）. Conclusions The qualified rate of drinking water quality in rural areas of Baoshan city is low. Microbial indicators are the main factors affecting the safety of drinking water in rural areas of Baoshan city. The type of water period, water supply method, type of water sample and water supply capacity are the influencing factors of water quality and sanitation. In order to ensure the sanitation and safety of drinking water in rural areas of the city, relevant departments urgently need to take effective measures to improve the water quality in rural areas and protect the health of the people.