理学的发生:一个天人学视域的分析

The Origin of Neo-Confucianism: An analysis from the Perspective of Heaven-Man Theory

宋明理学是儒学乃至中华文明的重要一期。以往以存在论为理论框架对理学发生问题的哲学解读有一定道理,但是忽视了中国哲学的特点。实际上,理学"制造者"一方面承续魏晋"天人一体"观以反对佛道二教"裂天人为二"的做法,另一方面又借鉴佛教高度思辨的"体—相—用"思维以解决魏晋哲学"本—末"思维的缺陷。理学的核心使命是寻找"天人合一"的宇宙生命体之本原,亦即人类生存之本原,它不单是存在论的,更是生存论的。理学家对生存本原的追问是通过性的二分、道的理化及性理合一实现的。

Neo-Confucianism is an important stage of Confucianism and even the Chinese civilization.The interpretations on the origin of Neo-Confucianism from the perspective of ontology in the past made some sense,but ignored the features of Chinese philosophy.In fact,philosophers of Neo-Confucianism inherited the Heaven-Man unity theory of the philosophers in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and objected to the opposite theory of Buddhism and Taoism.On the other hand,philosophers of Neo-Confucianism drew lessons from the Substance-Appearance-Function theory of Buddhism in order to overcome the flaws of Root-Branch theory which belonged to the philosophers of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.The core mission of Neo-Confucianism is to find the origin of the living universe in which heaven and man are integrated,also the source of human living.Philosophers of Neo-Confucianism explored the source of living through three stages：the division of Xing（性）,the transformation of Tao（道） into Li（理）,the integration of Xing and Li.