理即气——论罗钦顺对朱子的继承与超越

Li Is Qi:Luo Qinshun's Inheritance of and Surpass over Zhu Xi's Philosophy

朱熹哲学的最大问题是理气二元论。罗钦顺继承了朱熹的哲学,以为理是万物的终极性本原。他同时以为气也是万物的本原。和朱熹区分二者不同的是,罗钦顺提出,超越性的、终极性的理其实也是气,理即气。理和气的关系不是统一关系,而是重合关系,即理是气的某个部分或某种形态。这完全是一种实在论的立场。据此,罗钦顺克服并超越了朱熹哲学。

Dualism of Li and Qi is the primary issue of Zhu Xi＇s philosophy.Luo Qinshun adheres to Zhu＇s view that Li is the ultimate source of all substances and at the same time Luo believes that Qi is also the source of all substances.However,different from Zhu,Luo advocates that the transcending and ultimate Li is actually Qi,convinced that the two are not unified but overlapped instead,that is,Li is a part or a form of Qi.This is completely a realistic view,and thereby transcends Zhu＇s philosophy.