话本语体中的文白相间探究——以“三言”为中心

An Analysis of the Intermingle of Vernacular and Classical Chinese in Vernacular Novels: Centered on San Yan

文白相间是话本小说语体的重要特征,当前尚无论文论及。探析话本集"三言"文白相间这一语体特征的形成过程,可以看出文白相间长期存在于宋前各种语言文献中。以几组代表性虚词在"三言"的运用为例,可见冯梦龙既汲取了宋元时代口语,又"改造"了传统文言词汇,使之口语化。冯梦龙在编创作品时将口语提炼为适合书面的语言,由此构成"三言"白话文的成分。通过考述与文言本事的关系,指出"三言"文白相间的形成受多重因素影响。此外,话本之叙事语言与人物语言长期分离与文人写作习惯密切相关。

The intermingle of vernacular and classical Chinese is an important feature of vernacular novels,but there are no academic papers about it yet.Taking San Yan as an example,this paper explores the formation of the intermingling of vernacular and classical Chinese.It is found that this feature had long been existing in the literature of various languages before the Song Dynasty.By analyzing several groups of function words in San Yan,the paper points out Feng Menglong both captured the vernacular of the Song and Yuan Dynasty and transformed the traditional classical Chinese vocabulary into colloquialism.He refined the vernacular into proper written language when he was writing and this constituted the vernacular of San Yan.By reviewing the relation between classical Chinese and San Yan,this paper indicates there are many reasons for the formation of the intermingle of vernacular and classical Chinese in San Yan.The paper also points out the close relation between literati＇ s writing habits and the long term separation of characters＇ language and the narrative language of vernacular novels.