留守经历大学生主观幸福感及影响因素分析——以广西壮族地区为例

Subjective Well-being of and Influencing Factors for College Students of Guangxi Zhuang Nationality with Left-behind Experience

主观幸福感是衡量社会个体心理健康与生活质量重要的综合性心理指标。研究采取整群随机抽样法在广西桂林四所高校向大学生发放800份问卷,采用Kammann和Flett的情感量表和青少年生活满意度量表进行调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果显示,广西壮族有无留守经历的大学生总体主观幸福感得分差异有统计学意义,(t值为15.06,P值均<0.01);影响留守经历大学生的主观幸福感的因素中,性别与民族等因素的得分差异没有统计学意义;父母外出不同类型、不同留守持续时间、不同留守年龄段等因素对留守经历大学生主观幸福感得分差异有统计学意义。结论表明,没有留守经历大学生的主观幸福感较高,父母外出类型、不同留守年龄段与留守持续时间对留守经历大学生主观幸福感有显著影响,应加强对少数民族留守儿童的关注,促进其身心健康发展。

Subjective well-being（ SWB） is an important comprehensive psychological index to measure individuals＇ mental health and quality of life. With cluster random sampling method,800 questionnaires were randomly distributed to students of four universities in Guilin of Guangxi. By adopting Affect Scale and SWB Scale designed by Kammann and Flett,the data were statistically analyzed. The results showed： the general well-being scores of college students who have left-behind experience or not had significant difference（ t value was 15. 06 and P value was smaller than 0. 01）; as for the influencing factors for subjective well-being of the college students who have left-behind experience,significant differences were found in the types of parents＇ migration,durations and ages of being left behind but not in gender and race. The results of this study suggested that SWB was higher in the students who do not have left-behind experience than those with the experience. The types of parents＇ migration,ages and durations of being left behind had striking impact on the SWB of these college students. Therefore,more attention should be paid to left-behind children of ethnic minorities so as to promote their physical and mental health.