内置网络型缓释尿素的制备及性能

Preparation and properties of the built-in network slow-release urea

氮肥利用率一直是我国学术界和政府关注的焦点。尿素作为最主要的氮肥,在施用过程中易发生挥发、淋溶和径流而造成利用率过低。缓控释技术可有效解决这些问题,然而,现有缓/控释尿素材料存在不可生物降解、成本过高和环境污染的缺点极大程度上限制了其在农业生产中的应用。针对以上弊端,本文采用天然的植物多酚,在尿素熔融液中,通过配位络合的方法成功制备内置网络型缓释尿素,探索多酚同金属离子和聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)之间不同作用下的制备条件,并对其结构进行红外光谱、扫描电镜等表征,研究了其在水中的缓释性能、抗淋溶性能和盆栽实验等,结果表明,该种方法易于制备缓释尿素且具有较好的缓释效果,对种子发芽率、成苗率等生长指标都有较好的提升。此种缓释尿素无毒、安全、可降解,为将来在尿素熔融造粒过程中缓释尿素的研制及应用奠定理论基础。

Fertilizer utilization rate has been the focus of academic and government in China. Urea, as the most important nitrogen fertilizer, easily occurs volatilization, leaching, runoff and cause low utilization rate in the process of application. Now,slow/controlled release technology can effectively solve this important problem. However, the materials used in slow/controlled release urea have the disadvantages of no biodegradation, high cost and environmental pollution, which greatly limits their application in agricultural production. Therefore, in view of the above disadvantages, natural plant polyphenols are used in this paper. When the urea melt, the built-in network slow-release urea is successfully prepared by PDDA, polyphenol, metal ions based on coordination chemistry. The structure was characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The slow release properties in water,anti-leaching and pot culture experiments were studied. The results show that this method is easy to prepare slow-release urea,which has a good slow-release effect. It has a better promotion to seed germination rate, seedling rate and so on. This slow-release urea with non-toxic, safe and biodegradable, theoretical basis will be provided for the research and appliance of the development of the technology of melting urea by spraying granulation.