锥栗叶片和土壤养分含量年周期变化规律的研究

Seasonal Variation of Nutrient Content of Leaves and Soil in Castean henryi

【目的】探明锥栗叶片和土壤养分的年变化规律。【方法】应用全自动间断化学分析仪和原子吸收光谱法测定了盛果期锥栗不同物候期结果枝叶片和不同土层主要养分的含量。【结果】叶片氮、磷、钾养分的含量随物候的变化均呈显著性差异,N含量呈先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势,在幼果期达到最高,为20.53 mg·g^(-1);K含量变化趋势为先下降后上升再下降,在幼果期达到最高,为7.17 mg·g^(-1);P含量呈先下降后趋于平缓的变化趋势,在新梢生长期最高,为1.05 mg·g^(-1)。不同深度的土层氮磷钾养分的含量在物候期内呈规律性变化,在0~20 cm土层氮含量起伏波动比较大,而钾和磷含量总体变化趋于平缓。锥栗叶片养分含量与不同土层养分含量之间存在一定的相关性。【结论】在新梢生长期和果实膨大期对N、P、K的需求量较大,建议此时追施氮磷钾复合速效肥,适当增加氮、磷肥;施肥的深度应为20~40 cm之间为宜。该研究结果可为锥栗科学施肥,提高锥栗产量提供理论依据。

【Objective】The present study aimed to elucidate the dynamic changes in leaves and soil nutrient content of Castanea henryi.【Method】We determined the contents of nutrient at different phenological periods by auto discrete analyzers and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. 【Result】The content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium with phenological changes were different. The content of N showed the trend of decling-rising-declining,reaching the highest was 20. 53 mg·g-（-1） during young fruit period; the change trend of K content was reducing first then raising and reducing again,reaching the highest was 7. 17 mg·g-（-1） during young fruit period; P content decreased first and then trended to be gentle,reaching a maximum was 1. 05 mg·g-（-1） during the new period of shoot growth. The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in different depths of soil showed regular changes in phenology,and the fluctuation of nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer was relatively large,while the total change of K and P content trended to be gradual. There was a certain correlation between the nutrient content of leaves and soil. 【Conclusion】The requirement of N,P,K was larger during the shoot growth and the fruit expansion stage,which should add the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium compound quick-acting fertilizer,and apply appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. The depth of fertilization was between 20-40 cm. The results can provide scientific fertilization of C. henryi and the theoretical basis for improving the yield in C. henryi.