几种QoIs和DMIs杀菌剂对山东不同地区黄瓜白粉病菌的毒力差异及年度间的防效变化

Interlocal differences of toxicity of QoIs and DMIs fungicides on Sphaerotheca fuliginea and variation of efficacy against powdery mildew in different years in Shandong Province

为明确QoIs和DMIs杀菌剂防治黄瓜白粉病的有效性,在山东省黄瓜主产区采集黄瓜白粉病菌菌株,测定不同地区及不同年份的黄瓜白粉病菌对常用QoIs和DMIs杀菌剂的敏感性,并在泰安岱岳区进行3年的田间防治试验。结果显示,除氟硅唑以外,城阳黄瓜白粉病菌对QoIs和DMIs 2类杀菌剂的敏感性最低;淄川黄瓜白粉病菌对吡唑醚菌酯、醚菌酯、嘧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性最高,对4种药剂的相对毒力倍数分别为7.29,19.66,27.40,250.00倍。与2011年相比,2013年和2017年常用QoIs和DMIs杀菌剂对泰安黄瓜白粉病菌的毒力均不同程度降低。泰安地区的田间防效结果显示,与2011年相比,2013年除吡唑醚菌酯外2类杀菌剂对黄瓜白粉病的防效均有不同程度降低;2017年几种杀菌剂对黄瓜白粉病的防效均有较大幅度的下降,其中吡唑醚菌酯、醚菌酯和己唑醇的防效下降尤为明显。综合室内和田间试验结果表明,山东省不同地区黄瓜白粉病菌对QoIs和DMIs两类杀菌剂的敏感程度有一定的异质性,并且随着使用时间的延长,泰安岱岳区黄瓜白粉病菌对常用杀菌剂的敏感度呈显著下降趋势,药剂对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果也逐年降低。

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of QoIs and DMIs fungicides in controlling cucumber mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea,the field strains of S.fuliginea were collected from cucumber cultivating districts of Shandong Province.Their sensitivities to com-mon fungicides of QoIs and DMIs were determined in different regions and years.The field control experiments were also conducted in Tai＇an Daiyue district for three years.The results showed that except for flusilazole,the sensitivities of strains from Chengyang to fungicides of QoIs and DMIs were the lowest,strains from Zichuan were the most sensitive strains to pyraclostrobin,kresoxim-methyl,azoxystrobin and difenoconazole,their relative toxicity ratioes of toxicity were 7.29,19.66,27.40 and 250.00,respectively.In Tai＇an Daiyue district,compared with 2011,the toxicity of five QoIs and DMIs fungicides to S.fuligineadecreased in 2013 and 2017.And compared with 2011,the control effect of 2 types of fungicides to cucumber powdery mildew decreased to a certain extent except pyraclostrobin in 2013.In 2017,their efficacy decreased significantly,especially of pyraclostrobin,kresoxim-methyl and hexaconazole.The toxicity tests showed that there were certain differences in sensitivity of S.fuligineato QoIs and DMIs fungicides in different regions of Shandong Province.And the sensitivity of S.fuligineato common fungicides decreased significantly in Tai＇an Daiyue district,and the field efficacy against cucumber powdery mildew was also reduced year by year.