吉林省中部黑土区鲜食玉米品质性状对种植密度的响应

Responses of quality-related traits of fresh corn to planting density in black soil region of central Jilin Province

采用田间试验,研究了3个甜玉米品种520、脆王(CW)和黄白粒(HB)的产量、商品品质、食用品质以及部分营养品质对种植密度的响应。结果表明:鲜食玉米的皮渣率、鲜穗重和出籽率受品种(V)、种植密度(D)以及两者交互作用(D×V)的影响显著,而籽粒中蔗糖、麦芽糖和可溶性总糖显著受品种(V)以及种植密度(D)的影响。3个品种鲜籽粒产量均在种植密度为5. 5万株·hm^(-2)时最高,且CW产量最高,其次是520与HB,产量分别为13 556 kg·hm^(-2)、13 416 kg·hm^(-2)与12 484 kg·hm^(-2);种皮厚度主要受品种影响,密度对种皮厚度无显著影响,3个品种中,CW的种皮厚度最小平均为76. 2μm,HB最大平均为87. 0μm;皮渣率主要受品种影响,也受种植密度影响,品种CW皮渣率最低为8. 03%。随着种植密度的增加,鲜食玉米的鲜穗重等商品品质、可溶性总糖等营养成分含量均呈降低趋势,皮渣率有不同程度的增加。因此,合理密植是协调鲜食玉米产量与品质的重要农艺措施。吉林省中部黑土区鲜食玉米品种CW推荐种植密度4. 5~5. 5万株·hm^(-2),品种520与HB推荐种植密度5. 5~6. 0万株·hm^(-2)。

In order to examine the responses of quality- - related traits including comnlodity quality-, edibility- quality- and nutrition quality- to planting density- in fresh corn, we selected 3 fresh corn varieties -520, Cuiwang （CW） and Huangbaili （HB）, to con- duet a field experiment in black soil region of central Jilin Province. The results showed that the residue ratio （RR） , fresh ear weight （FEW） and seed feeding rate （SFR） were significantly influeneed by varieties （V）, planting density- （D）, and their interactions; while sucrose content, maltose content and total soluble sugar （TSS） were significantly affected by V and D. All three varieties with planting densities of 55 000 plants, hm 2 obtained the highest fresh grain yield, and the yield was in an order of 13 556 kg· hm 2 （CW）, 13 416 kg· hm 2 （520） and 12 484 kg· hm 2 （HB） . Periearp thickness （PT） was mainly influeneed by V while little af- fected by D, with the lowest PT in CW （76. 2 μm） and the highest PT in HB （87.0 μm） . RR was mainly affected by V and then by D, with the lowest rate of RR in CW （8.03%） and the best taste. With increasing D, FEW and TSS showed a decreasing trend, while SFR showed an increasing trend. Therefore, a reasonable planting density- would be an essential practice to balance the yield and quality- of fresh corns, and the recommended planting densities for CW, and 520 and HB in black soil region of central Jilin Province are 45 - 55 thousands plants.hm 2 and 55 - 60 thousands plants.hm 2 respectively.