不同旱地春小麦品种(系)花后旗叶生理特性和籽粒产量的分析

Physiological characteristics of flag leaf after anthesis and grain yield from different spring wheat cultivars/lines in arid farmland

为了明确干旱地区春小麦品种花后旗叶抗旱生理特性对籽粒产量形成的贡献,以7个旱地春小麦新品种(系)为品种材料,研究了不同春小麦品种(系)花后旗叶生理特性及产量形成。结果表明:在旱地栽培条件下,各春小麦品种(系)的旗叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在花后21 d明显降低,较花后14 d降低了24. 1%。与对照西旱2号相比,甘春25号的旗叶SOD活性在花后7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d分别增加2. 30%、5. 01%、3. 00%和2. 33%。随着生育进程的推进,小麦开花后旗叶丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐递增,而且07001-2-5品系的旗叶MDA含量增加迅速,在开花后28 d旗叶MDA含量较花后21 d的明显增加了31. 2%。小麦开花后旗叶可溶性蛋白含量变化趋势与MDA含量相反,花后28 d甘春25号的旗叶可溶性蛋白含量明显高于其他品种10. 7%~44. 1%。在产量构成方面,06044-3-7-12品系的穗长明显长于对照9. 2%,而甘春25号的小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均最大,显著高于西旱2号12. 8%、32%和22. 6%。不同旱地春小麦品种(系)的籽粒产量之间具有一定的差异,以甘春25号的产量最高,其次是06044-3-7-12品系,分别比西旱2号显著增产了6. 15%和3. 17%。可见,在本试验条件下,甘春25号能维持一个相对较优的生理状态,代谢功能较强,最终较其它品种增产2. 89%~29. 4%。

Aiming at understanding the contribution of drought - resistance to spring wheat yield, we conducted a field experiment with 7 new cultivars （lines） cultivated in arid farmland, to study the physiological characteristics in flag leaf following anthesis and yield components. The result showed that the superoxide disnmtase （SOD） activity- decreased in flag leaf among different spring wheat culti- vars at 21 d after anthesis, with an average decrease of 24. 1% compared with that at 14 d after anthesis. Compared with the control of Xihan No. 2, the SOD activity- in flag leaf of Ganchun No. 25 at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d after anthesis, increased by 2. 3% , 5.0% , 3.0% and 2.3% respectively. With plant growth and development, the malondialdehyde （MDA） content in flag leaf follow- ing anthesis gradually increased, and the line 07001 - 2 - 5 increased by 31.2% at 28 d after anthesis, which was significantly higher than that at 21 d after anthesis. However, the trends of soluble protein and MDA content in flag leaf after anthesis was reverse, and the soluble protein in cultivar Ganchun 25 at 28 d after anthesis increased by 10. 7% -44.1% compared with that of other spring wheat cultivars. In terms of yield components, the spike length in line 06044 - 3 - 7 - 12 increased by 9. 2% than that of the control; the spikelet number, grain number per spike and 1000 -grain weight in Ganehun No. 25 showed the highest value, with 12. 8% , 32% and 22.6% higher than that of Xihan 2, respectively. As for grain yield, Ganchun 25 was the highest, followed by strain 06044 - 3 - 7 - 12 ; their yields were 6. 2% and 3.2% higher than that of Xihan No. 2, respectively. Therefore, the Ganchun No. 25 could main- rain a relatively superior physiological status and strong metabolic function, which contributed an increase of 2.9% -29.4% to spring wheat yield than other eultivars.