4个苹果新品种及矮化中间砧木嫁接亲和力

Study on Grafting Affinity of 4 New Apple Varieties and Dwarfing Intermediate Stock

【目的】研究伊犁河谷不同苹果品种及矮化砧木嫁接亲和力。【方法】引进苹果新品种寒富、蜜脆、红盖露、华硕以及GM256砧木,通过嫁接亲和力试验,结合田间冻害调查,评价不同品种间的抗寒性。【结果】以新疆野苹果作基砧,嫁接GM256中间砧,成活率平均79.5%;以GM256作中间砧,嫁接寒富、蜜脆、红盖露、华硕不同苹果品种,嫁接成活率均高于对照,其中嫁接蜜脆成活率最高,为86%,但愈合状况差,风折率也最高,达33.7%;嫁接寒富成活率为72%,嫁接口愈合状况良好,但风折率最低,仅为4.2%;蜜脆苹果平均冻害指数仅为0.14%,具有较强的抗寒性;冻害指数最高的为红盖露,受冻害程度最重,抗寒性最弱。【结论】筛选出适宜砧穗组合为新疆野苹果/GM256/寒富。

【Objective】This project aims to research the grafting affinity of different apple varieties and dwarf rootstocks.【Method】The experiment on the growth adaptability and the graft affinity was carried out based on the introduction of new varieties of Hanfu,Honeycrisp,Gale Gala,Huashuo and GM256 rootstocks,the cold resistance of different varieties was also evaluated combining with field freeze injury investigation.【Result】Xinjiang wild apple（Malus sieversii） was used as base stock and grafted with GM256 interstock. The average survival rate was 79. 5%. The grafting survival rate of different apple varieties（Hanfu,Honeycrisp,Gale Gala,Huashuo） with GM256 as interstock was higher than that of control.,among which,the one grafted with Honeycrisp was the highest,up to 86%,but the healing condition was poor and the wind break rate was the highest,too,up to 33. 7%; The survival rate of grafting Hanfu was 72%,with good healing; And the wind break rate was the lowest,only reaching 4. 2%,Honeycrisp had strong cold resistance,in case of the smallest average freezing injury index of apple varieties,only 0. 14%; The highest was Gale Gala,showing that the degree of freezing injury was the most serious,and the cold resistance was the weakest.【Conclusion】The suitable rootstock scion combination is ＂ Malus sieversii/GM256/Hanfu＂,which might be suitable for cultivation in Yili area.