文化革命理论的继承与转向——苏联文化革命理论的形成与转向

The Formation and Diversion on Soviet Union＇s Theory of Cultural Revolution

列宁文化革命的理论被布哈林继承和发展,但很快出现了转向。斯大林文化革命理论转向的实质是由对资产阶级的妥协转向对资产阶级的全面反击和进攻。斯大林选择的路径是,在布尔什维克的统一领导下,集中一切资源和力量,采取高度计划的办法,迅速实现国家工业化和农业集体化,进而彻底消灭资本主义,实现社会主义。列宁能够长久地带领布尔什维克进行＂改良主义＂式的文化革命吗？无疑这是一条艰难之路。他要么可能被布尔什维克抛弃,要么也可能走上斯大林之路。斯大林的选择似乎是一种历史的宿命,无产阶级革命政党都没有跳过这个历史的陷阱。斯大林的文化革命理论以及这个理论基础之上建立起来的文化体制,只有在实践之后,它的弊端才能为越来越多的人所认识,而无产阶级政党也只有从历史教训中,才能学到处理文化问题更好的方法,进而提高领导文化建设的能力。

Bukharin inherited and developed the theory of Cultural Revo- lution of Lenin, but soon Cultural Revolution turned. The essence of the di- version on Stalin＇s theory of Cultural Revolution is shift from comprises with the bourgeoisie to full back and attack. The path Stalin choose is under the unified leadership of the Bolshevik party, concentrating resources and power, taking highly planned method, realizing national industrialization and agricultural collectivization quickly, in turn, utterly destroy the Capital- ism. Can Lenin always lead the Bolshevik party ＂reformism＂ of the Cultural Revolution？ This is undoubtedly a difficult road. Either he could be discarded by the Bolshevik Party or likely be onto the road of Stalin. The choice of Stalin seems to be a historical destiny, any proletarian revolu- tionary party did not skip this historical trap. The concept of Cultural Revo- lution of Stalin and the culture system established at the foundation of this idea. Only after the practice, its disadvantages can be recognized by more and more people. The proletariat political party learn to deal with the cultural problems better, only from the history lessions, and improve the ability of leading cultural construction.