浅析宋朝初期的“文武之策”

An Analysis of “the Strategy of Literature and Military” in the Early Song Dynasty

赵宋王朝承袭五代而立,深忧于前朝武将凭恃长枪大剑争夺天下导致天下纷扰的局面,毅然采用了以文治国的策略,前后代形成了巨大的反差。宋朝发展了隋唐以来的科举制度,拓宽了读书人的进仕之路,使后人误以为宋朝运用的是"重文轻武"的文武之策。然而,作为一代雄才英主,宋初的统治者不会忘记历朝历代不乏文人凭借权势窃取权柄者,其对文人士大夫很难给予充分的信任;且宋朝初建时亦不过是众多割据政权中的一个,武将在守卫新生政权及一统宇内中仍然发挥着不可估量的作用。有鉴于此,宋朝尤其是在建国伊始难以做到完全地"重文轻武"。

Zhao Song Dynasty inherited from the Five Dynasties.It was deeply concerned that the former general of the preceding dynasties vying with the gun and sword to get control of the national power led to the world turmoil.Therefore,the strategy of managing the country with the art of literature was resolutely adopted forming agreat contrast between the two dynasties.Song Dynasty developed the imperial examination system since the Sui and Tang Dynasties,widening the way for scholars to enter the official career,which misled later generations to form the idea that Song Dynasty valued scholars not martial arts.However,as a master of a dynasty,the rulers of the early Song Dynasty would not forget that there was no lack of scholars in the dynasties who had seized power to be rulers,who could not give full trust to the scholar-bureaucrats.Song Dynasty was no more than one of the separatist regimes in the early period when the military commanders still played an invaluable role in guarding the new-born regime and governing the country.In this situation,Song Dynasty,especially at the beginning of founding,was unable to achieve a complete emphasis on scholars over the martial arts.