闭锁式立体水稻育秧环境参数优化试验

Optimization Experiment of Environmental Parameters for Closing Stereoscopic Rice Seedling Nursery

为解决传统水稻育秧易受气候环境影响,导致秧苗质量差的问题,以育秧环境参数为目标,优化设计水稻育秧气候箱及基于植物工厂技术的水稻育秧平台。利用水稻育秧气候箱,通过均匀试验和逐步回归法优化对秧苗指标有显著性影响的环境参数,进而确定水稻育秧最优环境参数组合,并利用基于植物工厂技术的水稻育秧平台进行规模化生产验证试验。试验结果表明,全光谱条件下,叶面积系数受光照强度影响显著(P<0.05)。蓝光光质条件下,土壤含水率对根数、根长影响显著(P<0.05);光照强度对SPAD值和叶面积系数影响显著(P<0.05);光照强度和光照时间对茎基部宽影响显著(P<0.05)。红蓝比3∶1光质条件下,光照强度和光照时间对茎基部宽影响显著(P<0.05);光照强度、温度和土壤含水率均对株高影响显著(P<0.05);光照强度对SPAD值影响显著(P<0.05);土壤含水率对叶面积系数影响显著(P<0.05)。水稻育秧环境最优参数组合为蓝光光质、土壤含水率60%(发现叶片卷曲后灌溉,每次灌溉最大含水率60%)、光照强度1.1×10~4lx(光源表面处的测量值,光源表面距离育秧盘上表面20 cm)、光照时间9 h、温度28℃/24℃(光照期/非光照期)、湿度60%。基于植物工厂技术的水稻育秧平台所培育的水稻秧苗形态指标与力学特性均能达到机械插秧壮秧标准。试验结果可为大面积闭锁式水稻育秧及农业的可持续发展提供参考。

In order to solve problem that traditional rice seedlings easily affected by climate,led to poor quality of seedlings,rice seedlings climate box and seedling platform based on plant factory were optimized designed with seedlings cultivation environment parameters as target.Environmental parameters with significant influence on seedling indexes were optimized with uniform test and stepwise regression method by using rice seedling climate box,optimal environment parameter combination of rice seedling was chosen,and scale production verification test were carried out by using rice seedling platform based on plant factory technology.Experimental results showed that leaf area coefficient was significantly affected by light intensity in full spectrum（P 0.05）.In blue light,root number and root length were significantly affected by soil moisture content（P 0.05）,SPAD and leaf area coefficient were significantly affected by light intensity（P 0.05）,stem base width was significantly affected by light intensity and illumination time（P 0.05）.In red light and blue light ratios were 3 ∶ 1,stem base width was significantly affected by light intensity and illumination time（P 0.05）,stem length was significantly affected by light intensity,temperature and soil moisture content（P 0.05）,SPAD was significantly affected by light intensity（P 0.05）,leaf area coefficient was significantly affected by soil moisture content（P 0.05）.Optimal environment parameter combination of rice seedling was blue light,soil moisture content was 60%（irrigate when lamina wrap and maximum moisture content was 60% after irrigation）,light intensity was 1.1 × 10~4 lx（measured value at surface of light source,distance between surface of light source and surface of seedling tray was 20 cm）,illumination time was 9 h,temperature was 28 ℃ /24 ℃（photoperiodic/non-photoperiodic）and humidity was 60%.Morphological indexes and mechanical properties of rice seedlings cultivated by rice seedling platform based on plant factory technology could meet mechanical transplanting standard.Experimental results could provide theoretical ref-erence for large area closing stereoscopic rice seedling and sustainable development of agriculture.