欧洲大学“学”与“教”的新发展及启示——基于欧洲大学协会“趋势”调查报告的分析

New Development and Enlightenment of European University Learning and Teaching——An Analysis Based on European University Association's Trends Survey

2015年,欧洲大学协会开展了第7次"趋势"调查,追踪欧洲大学教学改革的最新发展。调查发现,在过去5年中,欧洲大学教学改革环境受经济危机、人口下降、国际化和信息化等多重因素影响变得日趋复杂;欧洲的政策支持层面包括对欧洲高等教育区认同度、国家资格框架发展、质量保证、学分认可等也有了一些新的变化;在教学改革实践层面上,推进"学生中心学习"成为核心理念,教学重要性越来越被认可,学习成果方法得到广泛应用,教师专业发展受到持续关注,学生服务体系日臻完善,学生参与大学治理日益普遍,但挑战依然存在。欧洲大学协会建议,大学未来需要继续推进"学生中心学习",推动大学组织管理创新,关注高等教育市场化发展,巩固欧洲高等教育区建设。"学生中心学习"范式是当前发达国家大学教学改革的共同趋势,值得我国大学借鉴与思考。

In 2015,the European University Association carried out 7 ＂ trend＂ surveys. According to the survey,in the past 5 years the environment of university teaching reform has become more and more complicated because of the economic crisis and declining population,internationalization and informatization and other factors. European shared policy,such as the European Higher Education area identity,national qualification framework development,quality assurance the credit approval,have also undergone some new changes. There are some new trends of learning and teaching reform. for example, ＂ student centered learning＂ has become the core concept of reform. The importance of teaching is becoming more and more recognized. learning outcome methods are widely used. the professional development of teachers has got the sustained attention. The student service system is becoming more and more perfect. student participation in university governance is becoming more and more common. but challenges remain,European University Association suggests that universities should continue to push ＂ student centered learning＂,promote organizational management innovation,pay attention to the market development of higher education,and strengthen the construction of European higher education areas. The paradigm of ＂ student centered learning＂ proposed by Europe is a common trend of higher education reform in developed countries. It is worth learning and thinking of our universities.