基于GIS的关键性生态空间辨识——以鄱阳湖生态经济区为例

Study on spatial identification of critical ecological space based on GIS: a case study of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone

生态空间承担着维持区域生态平衡的使命,并为社会提供持续不断的生态空间服务,是区域土地生态能持续地提供自然空间服务的基本保障。以自然生态环境脆弱的鄱阳湖生态经济区为研究区,结合国内外学者的相关实践经验和研究成果,基于RS和GIS等相关空间信息技术,通过生态系统服务功能重要性评价和生态系统敏感性评价方法,因地制宜地选取了相应评价指标,以栅格为单元辨识了鄱阳湖生态经济区关键性生态空间。研究结果表明:鄱阳湖生态经济区关键性生态空间面积为27751.25 km^2,占研究区总面积的52.55%,其中底线型生态空间面积为17125.31 km^2,占研究区总面积三分之一,危机型生态空间面积为4431.19 km^2,占研究区总面积的8.39%,缓冲型生态空间面积为6194.75 km^2,占研究区总面积的11.73%。在现状土地利用生态安全冲突分析中,有14.29%的耕地、9.31%的建设用地处于关键性生态区内。

Ecological space undertakes the mission of maintaining regional ecological balance and provides sustainable ecological space services for society. It is a basic guarantee that regional land ecology can continuously provide society with the benefit of natural space services. In this study, the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, which is fragile in its natural ecological environment, was used as the research area. Based on relevant practical experience and research results of domestic and foreign scholars, spatial information technology based on RS and GIS was used to evaluate the importance of ecosystem services and the sensitivity of ecosystem; the corresponding evaluation indicators were selected, according to local conditions, to identify the critical ecological space of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone. The results showed that the area of critical ecological space in Poyang Lake Ecological Zone was 27751.25 km^2, accounting for 52.55% of the total area of the study area; the urgent ecological space was 17125.31 km^2, accounting for 32.43% of the total area; the crisis ecological space was 4431.19 km^2, accounting for 8.39% of the total area; and the crucial ecological space was 6194.75 km^2, accounting for 11.73% of the total area. In land-use ecological-security conflict analysis, 14.29% of cultivated land and 9.31% of construction land are in a critical ecological zone.