早产儿贫血的相关影响因素分析

Related factors of anemia in premature infants

目的探讨早产儿贫血的相关影响因素及其防治策略。方法收集2016年1月至12月于本院出生的早产儿1093例为研究对象，均行血红蛋白检查，依据血红蛋白水平分为贫血组与对照组。收集两组早产儿及孕妇的相关临床资料，包括患儿性别、日龄、出生体质量、胎龄等，记录孕妇贫血或溶血史、是否发生新生儿感染或新生儿窒息、新生儿采血量等。采用Logistic回归分析早产儿贫血的相关影响因素。结果1093例早产儿中有293例发生贫血，早产儿贫血的发病率为26．8％（293／1093）。临床资料比较显示，贫血组早产儿出生体质量较对照组明显降低，且贫血组孕妇贫血或溶血史、新生儿采血量〉10ml／kg、新生儿感染及新生儿窒息比例较对照组均显著增加（均P〈0．05）。Logistic回归分析显示，出生低体质量、孕妇贫血或溶血史、新生儿感染、新生儿采血量〉10ml／kg及新生儿窒息是早产儿贫血的危险因素（均P〈0．05）。结论早产儿贫血与新生儿出生低体质量、孕妇贫血或溶血史、新生儿感染、新生儿采血量〉10ml／kg及新生儿窒息有关。

Objective To investigate the related factors and preventive strategies of anemia in premature infants. Methods A total of 1 093 preterm infants, who were born in our hospital between January and December 2016, were included as the subjects in the study and underwent hemoglobin test. According to the hemoglobin levels, all the subjects were divided into the anemia group and control group. The clinical data of the two groups of preterm infants and pregnant women were collected, including the gender, days of age, birth weight and gestational age. The history of anemia or hemolysis in pregnant women, the incidence of neonatal infection or neonatal asphyxia, and the blood collection volume of neonates were recorded. The influencing factors of anemia in the preterm infants were determined by Logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 1 093 preterm infants, 293 developed anemia and the incidence of anemia in preterm infants was 26.8% （293/1 093）. The clinical data showed that the birth weight in the anemia group significantly decreased compared with that in the control group; and the maternal history of anemia or hemolysis, neonatal blood collection volume〉10 ml/kg, neonatal infection and neonatal asphyxia in the anemia group were significantly higher than those in the control group （all P 〈 0.05）. The Logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight, maternal history of anemia or hemolysis, neonatal infection, neonatal blood collection volume〉10 ml/kg and neonatal asphyxia were the risk factors of anemia in premature infants （all P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The anemia in premature infants is related to low birth weight of neonates, maternal history of anemia or hemolysis, neonatal infection, neonatal blood collection volume〉 10 ml/kg and neonatal asphyxia.