中国财政支出结构对全要素生产率影响的实证分析

An Empirical Study on the Impact of China's Fiscal Expenditure Structure on Total Factor Productivity

财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱,财政支出对于优化经济增长模式、提升经济发展质量具有重要的意义。文章研究了财政支出规模、财政支出结构与全要素生产率之间的关系,通过静态与动态模型研究表明,在合理、适度的财政支出规模下,不断优化财政支出结构,可以提升全要素生产率,进而促进经济增长由要素驱动型向创新驱动型发展。当前中国的财政支出规模较大,但是财政支出结构亟待优化,尤其是应持续加大财政性教育经费支出、科技事业费用支出、社会保障支出等具备创新溢出效应的领域的支持力度。为建成具备竞争力的创新经济体,未来应继续坚持"创新导向型"的财政政策导向。

Finance is the basement and pillar of national governance. Fiscal expenditure is of great significance for the optimization of the pattern of economic increase and the promotion of the economic development quality. The relationship among fiscal expenditure scale, fiscal expenditure structure and total factor productivity is studied in this paper. The static and dynamic model shows that with a reasonable and appropriate fiscal expenditure scale, the optimization of the structure of fiscal expenditure can increase China＇s total factor productivity, and help transforming the element-driven economic growth mode into an innovation-driven one. At present, China＇s fiscal expenditures are relatively large, but the structure of fiscal expenditures needs to be optimized. In particular, the proportion of financial support for areas with innovation spillovers, such as educational appropriations, technology expenditures and social security expenditures, should continue to increase. In order to build a competitive and innovative economy, it is essential to adhere to the innovation-oriented fiscal policy in the future.