论民事级别管辖恒定

On Civil formalization of hierarchy-based jurisdiction

大陆法系的管辖恒定适用于事务管辖和土地管辖,立足于事务管辖和土地管辖不具有刚性和排他性。我国级别管辖恒定经历了从肯定到否定的立法转变,但否定级别管辖恒定的立法在我国现行环境下存有缺陷,涉及程序安定原则落实、诉讼拖延、实质变更中当事人诉权无法保障等问题。否定立法例产生的原因是我国未认知到级别管辖的非排他性和非刚性特征,其造成级别管辖实践中的混乱。为此,需要借鉴域外事务管辖恒定来重构级别管辖制度。建构审级管辖替代现有级别管辖中审级分工事项,矫正对于级别管辖性质的认识,将改良后的级别管辖作为管辖恒定对象。比照大陆法系事务管辖恒定的适用情况和适用条件,构建我国的级别管辖恒定规则。

The formalization of jurisdiction of continental law system is applicable to hierarchy-based jurisdiction and territory-based jurisdiction,which do not have the characteristics of rigidity and exclusiveness. On the formalization of hierarchy-based jurisdiction,China has experienced a legislative transformation from positive to negative. However,there are some defects in the negative legislation in the current environment of our country,including the implementation of the principle of procedural stability,the delay in litigation,the inability to guarantee the right of litigant in the substantive change. The reason for the negative legislation is that our country does not recognize the non-exclusiveness and non-rigidity of the hierarchical jurisdiction,which results in confusion in the practice. Therefore,we need to draw lessons from the formalization of hierarchy-based jurisdiction of Western countries to reconstruct the system of hierarchical jurisdiction of China. The concrete measures include constructing trial grade jurisdiction to replace the existing the trial level division in the hierarchy-based jurisdiction; correcting the understanding of the character of hierarchy-based jurisdiction; making the improved hierarchy-based jurisdiction as the subject of formalization of jurisdiction;and constructing the formalization rules of hierarchy-based jurisdiction of our country in accordance with the applicable situations and conditions of the formalization of hierarchy-based jurisdiction of continental law system.