复杂性科学视角下运动训练超量恢复原理的重新解读

Review of the principle of super-compensation training under complexity theory horizon

借助复杂性科学理论,对超量恢复训练原理的有关问题重新进行考察、审视与解读。研究表明:1)超量恢复训练原理是运动训练复杂适应过程的一种简化,它并不完全适用于运动训练适应的复杂性存在。2)超量恢复训练原理本质是人体复杂系统在运动负荷作用下与外界环境之间进行物质、能量与信息交换的功能、结构振荡的一种表现形式。3)超量恢复训练原理内在机制是人体复杂系统在运动负荷作用下的一种涨落—协同—有序和功能—涨落—结构的相互作用循环往复过程。4)运动训练适应是由机体、环境与运动任务等组成的复杂动力学系统,演化过程表现出非线性及对初始条件的敏感性、协同性、自组织、混沌性等复杂性特征。5)运动训练复杂适应系统原理是超量恢复训练原理研究的新进路,运动训练适应复杂性问题最终需要运用运动训练复杂性科学理论与方法来诠释与解析。

In order to further clarify the essence and mechanism of the theory of over-recovery training, this paper inspect and review the principle of super-compensation training with the theory of complexity science. The studies have shown that 1） The principle of super-compensation is a simplification of the process of adaptability of sports training, and it is not entirely applicable to the complexity of the adaptation of sports training. 2） The essence of super-compensation training principle is a form of oscillation of material and energy and information exchange between the function and structure of the human body movement training complex system on moving load and environment. 3） The complexity of the principle of super-compensation training inherent mechanism is a complex system in the human body under the action of a fluctuation-coordination-order and function-fluctuation-structure of the interaction cycle of reciprocating process. 4） The sports training adaptation system is a complex dynamic system composed of the body, the environment and the movement task, in their evolution process with nonlinear, the sensitivity of the initial conditions, coordination, self organization, chaos of complexity characteristics. 5） The principle of complex adaptive dynamic systemshould be a new approach to the study of super-compensation training principle. The problem of complexity of sports training should be explained and analyzed by using the scientific theory and method of sports training complexity.