新球时代男子比赛技战术运用特征、成因及发展趋势研究

Technical and tactical characteristics,causes and developing trend of men's table tennis competitions in the new ball era

运用数理统计等方法,对新球时代男子比赛技战术的运用特征、成因及其发展趋势进行研究。认为:新球时代,乒乓球技战术运用表现为两大阶段、两小阶段的特征,第一阶段包括第1~4板,各板使用率循击球序列急剧上升,并在第3、4板达到峰值,各板技战术运用特征差异较大;第二阶段包括第5板及其后各板,各板使用率循击球序列不断下降,其技战术运用特征相对趋向一致,与包括第7板及其后各板的第二小阶段相比,包括第5、6板的第一小阶段的技战术运用特征更接近于第一阶段;比赛整体的技战术运用重心集中在第一阶段,且第一阶段、第一、二小阶段的技战术运用在决定比赛胜负中分别发挥着第1~3位的作用。各阶段各板技战术运用特征的不同源于其技战术对抗特点的不同,第一阶段的对抗特点比第二阶段复杂多变,板间差别较大。各阶段的技战术运用特征具有跨赛事的一致性,且其运用重心有从第一阶段向第二阶段缓慢转移的趋势。

The paper based on statistics studied the characteristics, causes and developing trend of the techniques and tactics of men＇s table tennis competitions in the new ball era. Results show that the technical and tactical application in competitions can divide into two big stages and two small stages; the first stage include 1th to 4th board with large technique and tactic discrepancies, the usage rate of each board rise steeply with hitting order, and get to the peak value at the 3th and 4th board. The second stage include 5th board and thereafter with relatively consistent technique and tactic characteristics, the usage rate of each board declining with the hitting order. The techniques and tactics of the 5th and 6th are more similar to the first stage compared with the 7th board and thereafter. The core application of techniques and tactics focus on the first stage during the match, and the first stage, the first and the second small stage respectively play the role of the 1-3 in determining the outcome of the competition. The technique and tactic difference at each stage attributed tothe characteristic difference of the rally in the competition. Compared with the second stage, the first one is more complicated and each board changes a lot. The application characteristics of techniques and tactics at each stage is consistent across different events, and it has a slow transfer trend from the first stage to the second stage.