实验动物设施的职业健康管理体系的建立与实施初探

The establishment and implementation of an occupational health management system for laboratory animal facilities

职业病已经成为各国经济发展和社会和谐及稳定的巨大挑战。据国际劳工组织统计,全球约有近1.6亿人患职业病,花费约1.25万亿美金,约占全球总GDP的4%。在中国,职业病危害的人群已经超过了生产安全事故和交通事故。日益增加的职业病的危害不但损害了劳动者的健康,而且给用人机构和国家造成严重的经济负担。国际发达国家对职业病及职业健康非常重视,关注度高,有成熟的管理体系。相对来说,我国职业健康起步晚,与欧美国家相比差距较大。近年来,随着我国经济水平的提高和社会发展,人们对职业健康安全的要求和认识也不断深入,国家也开始重视职业健康并在近年来出台了不少法规政策。国家标准委员会及中国合格评定国家认可委员会也对职业健康管理提出了要求。然而,怎样建立一个有效的,可实施的,从运营成本可接受的职业健康体系对许多实验动物机构来讲还是一个难题。本文旨在通过作者多年在实验动物机构建立职业健康体系的经验,分享一些体会,给大家一些相关的建议及参考。

Occupational diseases have become a great challenge to economic development,social harmony,and stability all over the world. According to statistics from the International Labor Organization,nearly 160 million people worldwide suffer from occupational diseases,which cost approximately US $ 1. 25 trillion,accounting for ~ 4% of global GDP. In China,the number affected by occupational disease has exceeded those suffering from production safety accidents and traffic accidents. The increasing harm caused by occupational disease not only damages the health of workers,but also causes a serious economic burden to employers and the country. Developed countries have started to attach great importance to occupational health and established good management systems. However,occupational health in China lags a long way behind that in some other developing countries. Along with improvements in economic and social development in China,we are starting to become more aware of occupational health and safety requirements and to promote them by issuing many laws and regulations. The National Standards Committee and China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment also put forward requirements for occupational health management. However,how to establish an effective and enforceable occupational health system in an economic way is still difficult to determine at many experimental animal institutions. Thispaper shares the author＇s extensive experiences in establishing occupational health systems in experimental animal institutions and provides some relevant suggestions and references.