墓志中的“雪泣”“雨泣”与“露泣”

“Xue Qi(雪泣)”,“Yu Qi(雨泣)”and“Lu Qi(露泣)”in Epitaphs

中古墓志＂雪泣（涕）＂＂雨泣（涕）＂与＂露泣（涕）＂皆有较高的复现频率。经过清理,＂雪泣（涕）＂既可表示＂抹着眼泪（流泪）＂,又可表示＂抹掉眼泪（止泪）＂,而＂掩涕＂＂抆泪＂＂挥涕＂＂拭泪＂＂揽涕＂＂撤涕＂等皆可如是以观,二者均为动宾结构,词义迥别,主要因汉语缺少时态变化所致,辞书一般以拭泪解之,未当,需分列义项。＂雨泣＂,或为主谓结构,表示＂雨水像泪水一样落下来（落雨）＂,或为状中结构,表示＂泪水像雨水一样落下来（落泪）＂,二者语法结构不同,词义亦别。而＂露泣＂出现频率最高,字典辞书未收,宜补。

＂Xue qi/ti（雪泣/涕）＂,＂yu qi/ti（雨泣/涕）＂and ＂lu qi/ti（露泣/涕）＂in middle ancient epitaphs all have a higher frequency of recurring. After clean-up,we find that ＂xue qi/ti（雪泣/涕）＂ can mean wiping away tears（in tears）,but also that erase tears（stop tears）, and the same is true about＂yanti（掩涕）＂,＂wen lei（抆泪）＂,＂huiti（挥涕）＂,＂shi lei（拭泪）＂,＂lanti（揽涕）＂,＂pie ti（撇涕）＂,etc.The reason is mainly for the lack of tenses＇ change in Chinese, while the dictionaries usually explain it with ＂shi lei（拭泪）＂,which we think it inappropriate and should list meanings separately. ＂Yu qi（雨泣）＂,sometimes it is subject-predicate structure, which means the rain fall like tears（falling rain）; sometimes it is adverbial-verb structure,which means the tears fall like rain（falling tears）,overall, the shape is same while the structure different. ＂Lu qi（露泣）＂, whose occurrence frequency is highest while the dictionaries fail to collect in, therefore, we should be supplemented.