入侵植物替代控制中土著种选择机制的研究

Review of the use of native plants as a control mechanism of invasive weeds

生物入侵对入侵地生态系统的稳定性及社会经济造成严重危害,成为全球三大环境问题之一。为有效治理入侵植物,结合常采用的物理、化学和生物防治等方法,从防治机制方面分析土著种替代控制入侵植物的有效性。通常土著种替代控制入侵植物是由于土著植物向环境中分泌化感物质,使得土壤中的微生物、动物以及化学成分相互作用,从而改变了入侵植物的生存环境。同时,土著植物利用自身的优势条件与入侵植物进行养分和光能等资源竞争,使入侵植物处于不利地位。通过对替代控制机理的概述,提出了替代植物的选择方法,讨论了需要进一步加强的领域,以期拓展替代控制这一领域的广度和深度,为入侵植物的生态防治提供理论依据。

As one of the three major global environmental problems, invasive species have posed serious threats to native ecosystems and regional economies. On the basis of comparing physical, chemical and biological methods to control invasive plants, this paper analyzed the effectiveness of the methods of replacement control, namely native plant alternatives as a mechanism to prevent and control invasive plants. One way for native alternatives to control invasive plants is through plant allelochemicals that modify the environment, including interactions among soil microorganisms, animals, and soil chemical compositions interact thus affecting invasive plants. At the same time, the native plants compete with the invasive plants for nutrient and light resources, which makes the invasive plants at an unfavorable position. This paper may not only help us understand the underlying mechanism of exotic plants intensively, but also provide a scientific foundation of control current invasions and prevention of future invasions.