营养对不同地理种群周氏啮小蜂生物学特性的影响

The impact of nutrition on the biological parameters of different Chouioia cunea Yang geographic populations

【目的】研究补充营养对周氏啮小蜂海南本土地理种群和北京地理种群的生物学参数是否有差异。【方法】设置不同的营养(10%蜂蜜、10%蔗糖、10%葡萄糖、水、空白)分别饲喂周氏啮小蜂,统计2个地理种群的寄生率、羽化率、出蜂量、寿命。【结果】2个地理种群的周氏啮小蜂羽化后不久即可进行交配,补充10%蜂蜜、10%蔗糖、10%葡萄糖能显著提高2个地理种群的寄生率、羽化率、出蜂量、雌雄蜂寿命,补充不同的营养对两个地理种群的雌雄比、发育历期的影响差异不显著;饲喂10%蜂蜜的海南地理种群寄生率最高(84.60%),饲喂10%葡萄糖的海南地理种群羽化率最高(97.47%),饲喂10%葡萄糖的海南地理种群出蜂量最高(60.03头),饲喂10%葡萄糖的海南地理种群雌、雄蜂的寿命均为最高,分别为9.13和8.53d。营养和地理种群的交互作用对周氏啮小蜂雄蜂的寄生率、羽化率、出蜂量、雌雄比、雌雄蜂寿命具有显著影响,而对周氏啮小蜂的发育历期无显著影响。【结论】补充营养可不同程度促进周氏啮小蜂生殖力、寿命及寄生率,对寄生蜂繁育和利用其进行生物防治具有一定的意义。

[Aim] We investigated whether the nutrition has the compensable effects on the biological parameters of Chouioia cunea from different geographic populations （Beijing population and Hainan population）.[Method]C. cunea was reared under five different nutrient conditions：10% honey, 10% sucrose, 10% glucose, water, no nutritional addition. Parasitism rate, eclosion rate, wasp reproduction rate and longevity were recorded for C. cunea from different geographic populations.[Result] These two kinds of geographical populations （Beijing population and Hainan population） were capable to mate shortly after hatching. Supplying 10% honey, 10% sucrose or 10% glucose could significantly increase the parasitism rate, eclosion rate, the number of offspring and longevity of these two populations. Nutrition supplement did not significant affect female-male ratio and developmental duration. The Hainan geographical population fed on 10% honey had the highest parasitism rate （84.60%）, fed on 10% sucrose led to the highest eclosion rate （97.47%）, and 10% glucose to highest reproduction （60.3） and longest life span （for female 9.13 d and 8.53 d for male）. The interaction of nutrition and geographical population had the significant influences on parasitism rate, eclosion rate, emergence number, female-male ratio, and life span of C. cunea, but had no effect on the development duration.[Conclusion] Supplementary nutrition can promote the fecundity, longevity and parasitic rate of C. cunea to some extent, which is of significance to the breeding and the application as a biological control agent.