经纤维支气管镜下介入治疗大气道良恶性肿瘤的疗效观察

Interventional Treatment of Airway Benign and Malignant Tumors under Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy

目的研究经纤维支气管镜下大气道良恶性肿瘤的介入治疗效果。方法选取接受纤维支气管镜下介入治疗的中央气道的良性和恶性肿瘤患者80例,对比患者手术前和手术后1个月的肺功能(FEV1、FVC)、气道狭窄段的腔径和气促的指数改变情况,观察气道的恶性肿瘤患者1年生存率和中位生存时间,观察患者手术中和手术后的并发症情况。结果 30例气道的良性肿瘤患者,手术都成功去掉了腔内的肿瘤,呼吸困难和胸闷等临床症状消失,气道恢复通畅状态。50例气道的恶性肿瘤患者中有1例患者治疗无效(2.0%),5例患者治疗有效(10.0%),44例患者治疗显效(88.0%);患者肺功能相关指标、气道的腔径得到明显提升,气促的评分明显下降,与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者1年生存率为31.0%,中位生存时间为3.8个月。结论纤维支气管镜下介入治疗对患者疗效显著,患者症状改善良好,可延长恶性肿瘤患者的生存时间,手术并发症少。

Objective To study the effect of interventional treatment of benign and malignant airway tumors under the fiberoptic bronchoscope. Methods Select 80 patients with benign and malignant tumors of the central airway undergoing bronchoscopic intervention,to compare the lung function of the patients before surgery and 1 month after surgery（ FEV1,FVC）,the diameter of the airway stenosis and the change of the index of shortness of breath were observed,and the malignant of the airway was observed before and after the operation. The patients were treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy The survival rate and median survival time of tumor patients were observed,and the complications of the patients during operation and after operation were observed. Results 30 cases of benign tumor of the airway were successfully removed from the tumor,the symptoms such as dyspnea and chest tightness disappeared,and the airway was regressed. The overall curative effect of 50 cases of airway malignancy was 1 case of treatment was ineffective（ 2. 0%）,5 patients were effective（ 10. 0%）,44 patients treated significantly（ 88. 0%）; patients with lung function related indicators,airway cavity diameter was significantly improved,shortness of breath（ P〈0. 05）.Conclusion The interventional treatment of fiber under bronchoscopy is effective in patients,the symptoms of patients are improved,the survival time of patients with malignant tumors is prolonged,and the complications is less.