从《指物论》和《坚白论》看公孙龙的语义学思想

Study the Gongsun Long's Semantic Thoughts from The Argument of Nature of Substance and The Argument of Solidness and Whiteness

《公孙龙子》的诞生已有2000多年的历史,该著作包含了与当今相似的语义学思想,主要体现在三个方面。首先,区别了指认对象与指认结果不同,客观事物被指认后内化为精神意识范畴的内容,语义存在于人的内部世界。其次,认识到了人的感觉器官是外部世界内化为语义的重要途径,并有了初步的语言分类雏形。最后,围绕"物""实""位""名"四者关系形成了独特的公孙龙语义学体系,对先秦时期语义研究乃至语义学整体研究都具有重要价值。

Gongsunlongzi has a history of more than 2,000 years,and it contains semantic thought similar to today＇s mainly reflected in three aspects. First of all,it distinguishes between the identified target and the identified result. Things in the objective world are identified and then become internalized in the spiritual consciousness. The semantics exist in the human internal world. Secondly,it is recognized that human sensory organs are an important way of internalizing the external world into semantics,and there is a preliminary prototype of language classification. At last,the relationship among ＂object＂,＂reality＂,＂position ＂,and ＂name＂ forms a unique Gongsun Long＇s semantic system,which is of a great value to the study of semantics in the pre-Qin period and even the whole semantics.