整体主义正义理论及其现代环保启示

The Holism Justice and Its Modern Environmental Enlightenment

整体主义正义理论从古代到现代存在多种理论形态,其中追求城邦利益的整体主义正义和追求社群利益的社群主义正义是整体主义正义理论的两个典型代表。尽管整体主义正义理论在从古代一直到近现代的发展演变过程中存在不同的观点、学说与主张,有些甚至明显与现代文明社会格格不入,但是,它们至少具有一个共同的特点,那就是它们都认为判断个人行为正当与否的一个重要标准就是个体能否促进其所在的整体的利益。如果个体的行为有利于整体的利益,则其行为就是正当的,也就具有了正义性;反之,就不是正义的。整体主义正义理论把维护和增进整体利益作为其出发点和归宿,把是否有利于整体利益作为判断个体行为正当与否的标准,可以为人类整体的环境利益的保护提供理论上的支持和借鉴。

There are many theoretical forms of holism justice theoy from ancient times to modem times. Theholism justice pursuing the interests of city states and the communitarianism justice pursuing communityinterests are the two typical representatives of holism justice theory. The theory holistic justice in the process of evolution from the ancient to the modern there are different views, theories and opinions,some are even distinctly alien to modern civilized society, Out at least they have a common characteristic, that is they all agreethat an important criterion for judging whether a person acts properly is whether an individual the overall interests. If tlie behavior of tlie individual is beneficial to the whole, then the behavior is justified,and it has the justice. On the contrary, i is injustice. The theory holistic justice takes thpromotion of tlie overall interests as its staring point and end-result, whether it is beneficial to the overallinterest as a criterion to judge whether individual behavior is justified or not. It can prand reference for the protection of the environmental interests of mankind as a whole.