摘要
我国新修订的《标准化法》在顶层设计方面不再区分标准适用的效力层级,但在司法裁判中,涉及标准之适用问题仍应作区分。标准与法律均为规范性文件,都追求秩序,但标准本身没有法律效力,尚需借助法律的力量以实现其对秩序的追求。在司法审判中,标准的作用远远大于其仅作为证据。一方面,标准在民事审判中,不仅可以通过意思自治进入法律领域,形成权利义务关系;还可以补充法律、合同的漏洞。在民事审判领域,应当优先适用高质量要求的标准。标准还是侵权责任构成的客观事实要件,若违标致害,还应当承担相应的侵权责任。另一方面,标准在行政、刑事案件中,标准不仅扮演着"标尺"的角色,还扮演着"权利安全阀"的重要作用,故在公法司法领域,宜优先采用最低质量要求的标准,即强制性国家标准。
Although the new revised Standard Lawin our country does not distinguish th evaliditylevel of thestandard in the toe level design, the application of the standard should be distinguished in the Standards and laws are botli normative documen ts, and ;1 have the pursuit to legalef fects. It still needs the power of law to achieveits pursuit to order. In judicial trials, the role of standards is far greater than that of evidence. On the one hand, in the civiltrial, the standard can not only enter the legal field through the contract agreem ent, but also form the right and obligation relationship ; it can also supplement the loopholes of the law and contract. In the fie ld of c iviltrial, we should give priority to the application of high quality requirements. The standard is also an objective fact element of tortliabil ity. Ifviolating the standard ld to d amage, it should bear the corresponding tort liability. On the othier hand, in the administrative and criminal cases, the standard not only pla ys the role of “ the ruler”, but also plays an important role of the “ right safety valve” . The reforr, in the fie ld of public law and justice, the standard of the minimum quality requirement, that is, the compulsory national s tandard, should be adopted in the fie ld ofpublic lawand justice.
作者
周宇
Zhou Yu(College of Comparative Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)
出处
《河南财经政法大学学报》
2018年第5期59-66,共8页
Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law
关键词
标准
法律渊源
强制性标准
标准化法
standards
sources of law
mandatorys tandards
standardization