论被害人错误同意的效力——对民法中意思表示瑕疵效力之借鉴

On the Effects of Victim's Fault Agreement——The Reference to the Effectivenes of the Meaning of Civil Law

借鉴民法对于意思表示瑕疵的分类,可以将被害人错误同意分为因意思与表示不一致和因意思表示不自由发生的错误两种基本类型。其中意思与表示不一致又分为无意的不一致与有意的不一致。在无意的不一致中,动机错误一般不影响同意的效力;但是行为人知道的,属于反面的正当化前提事实认识错误。而法益关系错误与表达错误一般不影响同意的效力,但是行为人知道的除外。在有意的不一致中,单方虚伪一般不影响同意的效力,但是行为人知道的除外;双方虚伪一般应承认同意的效力。意思表示不自由包括了受欺诈、受胁迫以及危难利用,对于这三种情形应否认同意的效力。此外,还存在双重错误,对于这种情形应划分为不同的类型,具体分析其效力。

Referring to the classification of meaning expression in civillaw, victims ’fault consent can bedivided into two ba sic types： the inconsistency of meaning and expression, and the inaccurate occurrence oferor by meaning. The inconsistency and intentional inconsistency between the meaning and the representationare not consistent. In unintentional inconsistencies, motive errors generally do not affect tlie val idity of consent; but what theperpetrator knows is a false positive fact. However, mistakes and misrepresentations benefit relationship generally do not affect the validity of the consent, un less the perpetrator knows. In theintentional incons is tency, unilateral hypocrisy generally does not affect the validity of consent, except for the actor’ s knowledge; the hypocrisy of both parties generally acknowledges the val idity of the consent Themeaning of not being free to include fraud, coercion, and distress is to deny the val idity of these threesituations. In addition, there are double mistakes. In this case, the effectiveness should be specifically analyzedaccording to different situations.