卢梭与涂尔干道德教育理论比较及启示

The Comparison and Enlightenment of the Moral Education Theory between Rousseau and Durkheim

法国的卢梭和涂尔干在不同的社会历史时期,都提出了著名的道德教育理论。通过认真分析对比后发现,这两种道德教育理论在强调教育者的角色定位、尊重教育对象的道德主体性、提倡实践教学、注重培养教育对象的社会化意识等方面都有许多共同之处;而在道德教育的目的、道德教育的理念、教育者的作用以及教育对象的地位等方面,又具有明显的差异性。时代变迁,尽管这两种道德教育理论各有其局限性,但由于在这两种道德教育理论中都强调了尊重教育对象的道德主体性、提倡实践教学和注重培养教育对象的社会化意识的重要作用,这对我国在提升道德教育的效果以及明确思想政治教育的本质方面,具有十分重要的借鉴价值。

In different social and historical periods, both Rousseau and Durkheim put forward their famous theories on moral educations. By the careful analysis and comparison, the paper finds that there are many similarities in their theories on moral education, like emphasizing the role definition of the educator, respecting the moral subjectivity of the educatees, advocating practical teaching, and paying attention to the educatees  awareness of the socialization. However differences are obvious in the aspects of the aim and idea of moral education, the function of the educator and the status of the educatees. Although the two kinds of moral education theories have their own limitations, both have emphasized on the important role to respect the moral subjectivity of the educatees, advocate practical teaching and pay attention to educatees awareness of the socialization, which provides reference for us to improve moral education in China and clarify the essence of the ideological and political education.