中国古代“旅游”的定义

The Definition to Tourism in Ancient China

从中国古代文献中"旅""游"二字的义项分析入手,从唐代学者孔颖达对《周易》旅卦主旨的归纳、《周易》旅卦所蕴含的旅游哲学的挖掘以及历代易学家对旅卦内涵的阐发等方面,探讨中国古代旅游的定义。认为古代先民最早对旅游现象进行总结的是《周易》旅卦,中国历史上最早使用"旅游"一词的人是三国时期魏国的曹植,最早对"旅"进行定义的是唐代学者孔颖达。

This paper first analyzes the senses of two dictionary entries 旅 and 游, and then explores the definition to tourism in Ancient China by reviewing Kong Ying-da, a Tang Dynasty scholar＇s summary of the purpose of the divinatory symbol of 旅（sojourning or wanderer） in The Book of Changes, by probing tourism philosophy embodied in the divinatory symbol, and by studying explanations to the divinatory symbol made by I Ching experts of past ages. This paper holds the viewpoint that the earliest summary of tourism phenomenon is the divinatory symbol of 旅 in The Book of Changes, that the first person who used the word tourism in Chinese history is Cao Zhi from the Kingdom of Wei of the Three Kingdom Period（220-265 A.D.）, and that the first person who gave a definition to tourism is Kong Ying-da.