试论《脉经》脉名系统的构建

Construction of Pulse Nomenclature in The Pulse Classic

中医脉象概念的基础是多维综合、个体化、动态性的指下脉感,概念分类的主观性及用语形式的不规范导致早期医籍中脉象表述存在诸多问题。《脉经·脉形状指下秘诀》通过脉名系统的构建对纷杂的脉象表述作出了术语化、标准化的革命。其构建在文本层面上可归纳为脉象概念的归并、分化、排除、定义调整及系统排序几种。脉名的制定符合术语学基本原则,稳定性较强,为后世脉学提供了精简统一的脉名范式。另一方面,其存在的局限性亦对后世产生了一定的负面影响。现代脉学研究对古医籍脉学条文的挖掘整理应建立在理解脉象表述特征及脉名系统构建源流的基础上,充分利用脉名系统指导的同时不滞囿于其中。

The concept of pulse manifestation refers to the muhi - dimensional, individualized and dynamic pulse feelings under fingers. The subjectivity in concept classification and the non - standardized application of the concepts resulted in problems about descriptions on pulse manifestations in early medical works. The Pulse Classic · Secrets about Pulse Shapes under Fingers builds a system for terming and standardizing the names of pulse manifestations. This study conflated, classified and excluded the concepts of pulse manifestations, ad- justed the definitions, and ranked the system. The nomenclature of pulse manifestations is in line with the basic principles of terminology with sound stability, serving as a demo to name pulse manifestations in a concise and uniform way for the future generations. However, the limitations of the system have a certain negative impact, therefore modern pulse manifestation study on ancient works should be based on understanding of the expression characteristics of pulse manifestation and the background against which the name system of it was built, thus to fully make use of the system rather than being confused by it.