兰州市城关区5岁以下儿童死亡率和死因分析

Analysis on Mortality Rate and Death Cause of Children Under 5 Years in Chengguan District of Lanzhou City

目的分析兰州市城关区5岁以下儿童死亡率变化趋势、死亡年龄和死因,为今后更好开展儿童保健工作提供理论依据和数据支持。方法基于兰州市城关区《7岁以下儿童保健和健康年度报表》和《儿童死亡登记册》的儿童死亡数据,对5岁以下儿童死亡情况进行分析。结果 2001—2016年兰州市城关区新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为5.26‰、6.49‰和7.22‰,三者均呈现下降趋势(P<0.05)。5岁以下儿童死亡中以新生儿和婴儿死亡为主,分别占72.91%、89.96%。5岁以下儿童死因顺位的前五位为出生窒息、早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病、肺炎以及其他先天异常,所引起的死亡占总死亡的72.70%。结论 5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势;婴儿和新生儿死亡仍是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要部分;出生窒息和低出生体重仍是5岁以下儿童的主要死因。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the mortality trends, age composition and death causes of children under 5 years old in Chengguan District of Lanzhou city, and to provide the theoretical basis and data support for the better child health care. METHODS According to the data of the the care and health annual report about the children under 7 years old in Chengguan District of Lanzhou city and child deaths register, the death status of children under 5 years old were analyzed. RESULTS From 2001 to 2010, the neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, Under-5 mortality rate were 5.26‰, 7.22‰ and 6.49‰, and showed downward trend（P〈0.05）, and the average decline rate were 2.44%, 3.00% and 1.75%. Newborn and infant deaths accounted for 72.91% and 89.96% respectively among the children death under 5 years old accounted for 72.91% and 89.96% respectively among the children death under 5 years old. The top five causes of children death under 5 years old were birth asphyxia, preterm labor or low birth weight, congenital heart disease, pneumonia and other congenital abnormalities, 72.70% of the deaths were caused by these 5 death causes. CONCLUSION The rate of decline in mortality was relatively slow and fluctuating. Infant and newborns death had been the main part of the death of children under 5 years of age. Birth asphyxia and preterm labor or low birth weight were the leading causes of death in children under 5 years old.