国外出行幸福感研究进展及其对我国未来研究的启示

Review of Overseas Studies on Subjective Well-being During Travel and Implications for Future Research in China

国外研究表明,较高的主观幸福感有利于个人创造力的提升和社会生产力的进步,而出行幸福感对主观幸福感的提升具有举足轻重的影响。在我国大城市和特大城市中,居民出行模式日益多样化,出行时间与距离不断加大,但我国居民出行幸福感的理论和实证研究却较为缺乏,难以从政策层面为决策者提升居民出行幸福感提供基础支撑。本研究介绍了国外出行幸福感的概念和内涵,总结了国外出行幸福感研究的常用量表(如出行满意度量表、瑞典核心情感量表、情绪平衡量表等)及基于量表的综合指数(如不开心指数、净情绪值等),从出行模式、出行时间与距离、出行目的、出行途中做的事情和其他相关因素等方面对国内外研究进展进行了综述,并在此基础上,指出了目前我国与国外研究的差距,提出了我国未来在出行幸福感研究领域应重点关注的内容和方法。

Existing studies have shown that increased subjective well-being comes with many individual and societal benefits. Transportation plays an important role in our daily lives and people spend significant amount of time per day on trips. People＇s subjective well-being during travel is a critical component of people＇s overall subjective well-being. Although people in large Chinese cities have increasingly experienced longer trips, theoretical and empirical research on subjective well-being during travel is very limited in the context of Chinese cities. This study reviews and summarizes oversea studies on subjective well-being during travel. First, we introduce the distinction between the cognitive（i.e. satisfaction） and affective（i.e. emotion） aspects of subjective well-being during travel. Second, we summarize the commonly used well-being measurement scales in oversea studies that measure subjective well-being during travel, including Satisfaction with Travel Scale, Swedish Core Affect Scale, and Affect Balance Scale. We further summarize existing methods that calculate an index score out of scales measuring emotional aspects of well-being, including the U-Index, Net Affect, and Difmax Index methods. Third, we review empirical findings on the connections between travel behavior characteristics and subjective well-being during travel from both domestic and oversea studies. Finally, the gaps between the domestic and oversea literature on the subject are discussed for proposing future research directions in China.